Mutasim, Aunnoy K.Batmaz, Anil UfukMughrabi, Moaaz HudhudStuerzlinger, Wolfgang2023-10-192023-10-1920222978-1-4503-9889-3https://doi.org/10.1145/3562939.3565619https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12469/508728th ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology (VRST) -- NOV 29-DEC 01, 2022 -- Tsukuba, JAPANIn eye-gaze-based selection, dwell suffers from several issues, e.g., the Midas Touch problem. Here we investigate saccade-based selection techniques as an alternative to dwell. First, we designed a novel user interface (UI) for Actigaze and used it with ( goal-crossing) saccades for confirming the selection of small targets (i.e., < 1.5-2 degrees). We compared it with three other variants of Actigaze (with button press, dwell, and target reverse crossing) and two variants of target magnification (with button press and dwell). Magnification-dwell exhibited the most promising performance. For Actigaze, goal-crossing was the fastest option but suffered the most errors. We then evaluated goal-crossing as a primary selection technique for normal-sized targets (>= 2 degrees) and implemented a novel UI for such interaction. Results revealed that dwell achieved the best performance. Yet, we identified goal-crossing as a good compromise between dwell and button press. Our findings thus identify novel options for gaze-only interaction.eninfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessFitts LawEye-Gaze TrackingEyeSmall TargetsSelection TechniquesVirtual RealityGazeFitts' LawThroughputFitts LawActivation MethodsEyeSaccadeGazeTarget Reverse CrossingConference ObjectWOS:00106611050001810.1145/3562939.35656192-s2.0-85143613544N/AN/A