Karakoç, UlaşPanza, LauraKarakoç, Ulaş2021-01-272021-01-27202120013-01170013-0117https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12469/3745https://doi.org/10.1111/ehr.13022After experiencing a period of spectacular growth during the late nineteenth century, the Egyptian cotton sector underwent a phase of stagnation, which was followed by a gradual and steady increase in output during the interwar period. Drawing on a new panel dataset at the province–year level, this article explores the determinants of the upturn in cotton output, running a horserace between credit, seed technology, and infrastructure. In order to address endogeneity concerns, an instrumental variable approach is adopted, using a modified version of Bartik's shift-share instrumental variable. Our results provide supporting evidence that peasants switched to a lower-yielding cotton variety as a response to changes in relative price. Moreover, our production function estimates show that two key factors had a positive impact on output growth: credit availability and the adoption of new cotton varieties.eninfo:eu-repo/semantics/embargoedAccessGossypium barbadenseGossypium hirsutumArticle6086174WOS:00056073070000110.1111/ehr.13022Q1Q1