Browsing by Author "Gökmen, Sabri"

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Computation and Optimization of Structural Leaf Venation Patterns for Digital Fabrication
(Elsevier Ltd, 2022) Gökmen, Sabri
The morphogenetic design process of networking patterns produces anisotropic structural systems that can offer generative solutions for custom design applications. As an example of this type of pattern application, the leaf venation algorithm is introduced that can be customized through parametric inputs and density maps. This method is extended onto mesh surfaces incorporating multiple software applications combining aspects of parametric design, optimization and digital fabrication. The dynamic workflow is presented using a case study project titled “Calyx,” a public artwork completed using the computational tools developed as part of the research. The networking structural pattern of the sculpture yielded to the development of a geometry optimization process that allowed the digital fabrication of planarized structural members. The technical aspects of the design development and post-rationalization process for the construction of leaf venations patterns are discussed. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd
Computation and Optimization of Structural Leaf Venation Patterns for Digital Fabrication
(ELSEVIER SCI LTDTHE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND) Gökmen, Sabri
The morphogenetic design process of networking patterns produces anisotropic structural systems that can offer generative solutions for custom design applications. As an example of this type of pattern application, the leaf venation algorithm is introduced that can be customized through parametric inputs and density maps. This method is extended onto mesh surfaces incorporating multiple software applications combining aspects of parametric design, optimization and digital fabrication. The dynamic workflow is presented using a case study project titled “Calyx,” a public artwork completed using the computational tools developed as part of the research. The networking structural pattern of the sculpture yielded to the development of a geometry optimization process that allowed the digital fabrication of planarized structural members. The technical aspects of the design development and post-rationalization process for the construction of leaf venations patterns are discussed.
Computational Modeling and Analysis of Seljukid Muqarnas in Kayseri
(Association for Computing Machinery, 2022) Gökmen, Sabri; Baslk,A.; Aykln,Y.; Alacam,S.
As a historical and ornamental building element, muqarnas are widely found among the entrances of madrasas, mosques, and hans in Anatolian Seljuk architecture. In Kayseri (Turkey), muqarnas structures are characterized by symmetrical distribution of patterned geometric layers that presents computational rules for the design and construction of these ornamental structures. The presented research focuses on 12 unique muqarnas structures that are analyzed through a computational methodology combining photogrammetry, three-dimensional modeling, symmetry, and graph theory. The computational analysis shows that Seljukid muqarnas exhibit patterned branching of the symmetry axis between layers radiating from their geometric center. Using the modeled samples, the article analyzes inherent symmetry rules and growth patterns while offering a novel way of studying, modeling, and categorizing muqarnas. © 2022 Association for Computing Machinery.
Computational Modeling and Analysis of Seljukid Muqarnas in Kayseri
(ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY1601 Broadway, 10th Floor, NEW YORK, NY 10019-7434) Gökmen, Sabri; Başık, Altan; Aykın, Yusuf; Alacam, Sema
As a historical and ornamental building element, muqarnas are widely found among the entrances of madrasas, mosques, and hans in Anatolian Seljuk architecture. In Kayseri (Turkey), muqarnas structures are characterized by symmetrical distribution of patterned geometric layers that presents computational rules for the design and construction of these ornamental structures. The presented research focuses on 12 unique muqarnas structures that are analyzed through a computational methodology combining photogrammetry, three-dimensional modeling, symmetry, and graph theory. The computational analysis shows that Seljukid muqarnas exhibit patterned branching of the symmetry axis between layers radiating from their geometric center. Using the modeled samples, the article analyzes inherent symmetry rules and growth patterns while offering a novel way of studying, modeling, and categorizing muqarnas.
Exploring Homeomorphism in Building Plans
(Association for Computing Machinery, Inc, 2020) Gokmen,S.; Gökmen, Sabri
This paper discusses a type of graph called “homeomorphically irreducible tree” (HIT) and its applicability for a formal study of symmetry in building plans. As a theoretical introduction, the mathematical properties of HITs are introduced through different historical building samples all of which display symmetry, proportion and homologous wings in their formal organization. The extracted principles are used to formulate a generative algorithm that reduces graph complexity to simple sequential numeric representation. This method is converted to a “homeomorphic machine” that is explored through generative plans. The aim of the paper is to introduce a new graph-based approach for potential morphological research into architectural symmetry. © 2020 Society for Modeling & Simulation International (SCS) centered on the notion of symmetry and branching morphogenesis in architecture. The aim of the research is two-fold. Firstly, formal computation is considered within a historical continuum where it can be applied to a broader class of historical works of architecture, potentially drawing links between them. This also requires a re-evaluation of core architectural principles such as symmetry and proportion that can potentially remedy architecture’s relationship with natural sciences. Secondly, computational methods need to be formulated primarily according to architectural principles that can overlap with various mathematical and algorithmic applications while conforming to the historical development of architectural knowledge. This aspect can have both theoretical and practical implications to architectural research and influence the formulation of new methods for machine learning in the future.
Geometrik Örüntüye Dayalı Mukarnasların Tasarım Süreçlerinin Hesaplamalı Araçlar Gelistirilerek Çözümlenmesi
(2021) Gökmen, Sabri; Alaçam, Sema
Islam mimarisi günümüzün modüler tasarım süreçleri ve yapım tekniklerini aydınlatacak çok çesitli geometrik desenler ve süslemeler sunmaktadır. Bu unsurlardan biri, kubbelerde, tonozlarda, yapı girislerindeki yarım kubbelerde, medrese ve camilerin mihraplarında yaygın olarak bulunan ve modüler üretim ve dekorasyonun zengin çözümlerini sunan mukarnastır. Mevcut arastırmalar, mukarnas tasarımını, sabit bilesenlerin kombinasyonlarını içeren etaplı bir modelleme problemi olarak ele almaktadır. Bu yönteme kıyasla gelistirilen arastırma projesi, tek merkeze dayalı mukarnas kubbe yapıların kendini tekrarlayan geometrik katmanlardan olusan bir hesaplama süreci (fraktal) olarak ele almaktadır. Bu hipotezle mukarnaslar bir parçalanma ve kendini türetme problemi olarak düsünülerek geometrik çözümleme saglayan bir hesaplama altyapısıyla arastırılmıstır. Projenin özgünlügü, mukarnas yapılarının tasarımını ve modellemesini kolaylastıran hesaplamalı modelleme araçları üretmek ve bu araçların farklı tasarım problemlerinde kullanılmasını saglamaktır. Tarihsel mimari eserlere yönelik dijital bakıs açısıyla hazırlanan bu arastırma, ülkemizdeki kültürel mirasın analizinde teknolojik araçlar kullanılarak kapsamlı bir çözümleme getirebilmeyi, var olan yapı envanterini birbiriyle yeniden iliskilendirebilecek özgün bir yaklasım sunmayı ve geleneksel yapı elemanlarından olan mukarnasların çagdas kullanımını canlandırabilecek geometrik kuralları ve tasarım araçlarını gelistirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Proje kapsamında mukarnaslarda bulunan matematiksel ve hesaplamaya dayalı tasarım kuralları kural bazlı çözümleme ve hesaplamalı modelleme yöntemleriyle ele alınmıs ve çözümlenmistir. Bunun yanı sıra fotogrametri, hesaplamalı analiz, parametrik modelleme ve algoritma gelistirilmesi alanlarını birbirine baglayabilecek özgün bir yöntem gelistirilmis ve bu yöntem sayesinde Kayseri ve Sivas?ta bulunan birçok mukarnas yapısı analiz edilmistir. Ortaya çıkan süreçte Anadolu Selçuklu mimarisi?ndeki mukarnasların üretim dilini tarifleyen ortak bir geometrik dil oldugu saptanmıs ve kültürel miras yapılarındaki hesaplama yöntemlerini birbiriyle iliskilendirebilecek bir mukarnas kodlama altyapısı tariflenmistir. Bu sayede yapıların restorasyon, görselleme, mimari çizim ve modellerinin üretilmesinin yanı sıra, tipolojik kıyaslanmasını mümkün kılabilecek özgün bir yaklasım gelistirilmistir.
Homeomorphic Architecture: Radial Prisons and Contracted Graphs
(SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD, 2020) Gökmen, Sabri; Gökmen, Sabri
This paper introduces a type of graph called 'homeomorphically irreducible tree' (HIT) and explores its analytical and computational aspects in the architecture of radial prison plans. As a theoretical introduction, HITs are first diagrammatically presented using a taxonomy of 20 different radial prisons. Using this analysis, a generative algorithm that transforms plan connectivity to a simple sequential numeric representation is developed. This method is applied as an architectural plan generator that is parametrically explored using graphs as building skeletons with configurable wing typologies. The aim of the paper is to lay the foundation of a new graph-based approach for the morphogenetic study of symmetry in architectural plans.
Metamorphic Leaves
(Mıt Press, 2020) Gökmen, Sabri; Gökmen, Sabri
This article introduces an algorithm influenced by Goethe's concept of metamorphosis capable of generating a wide range of parametric leaf forms. Metamorphosis is defined as alternating stages of expansion and contraction that are observable during the development of flowering plants. This principle is extended toward leaf morphology, where two main developmental trajectories are outlined. By formulating simple two-dimensional geometric rules, the author tests the concept of metamorphosis on parametric leaf forms.
A Recursive Algorithm for the Generative Study of Seljuk Muqarnas in Kayseri and Sivas
(Kim Williams Books, 2023) Gökmen, Sabri; Aykin, Yusuf; Basik, Altan; Alacam, Sema
Recent developments in archeological research extend diverse technological methods for the geometric deciphering and cultural understanding of various historical building components. One of the emerging methods in this field is the development of generative algorithms to develop computational models for the comparative study of variation among different structures belonging to a common era, style, or region. In this study, we present a novel approach for the computational analysis and parametric modeling of muqarnas found among Anatolian Seljuk architecture in Kayseri and Sivas built in the 13th century. Using four different octagonal muqarnas structures, we outline common generative rules showing recursive stacking of geometric layers, fractal patterns and hierarchical branching of the axis of symmetry. A recursive algorithm is developed that can offer a generative study of muqarnas structures using proportions based on the 'silver ratio.' The development of the algorithm is presented through rules and variations that can offer a novel perspective for the geometric understanding and categorization of muqarnas in the region.
Rediscovering Goethe's Concept of Polarity: a New Direction for Architectural Morphogenesis
(Middle East Technical University, 2020) Gökmen, Sabri; Gökmen, Sabri
This paper will introduce Goethe's concept of polarity to discuss its theoretical and computational implications on natural and architectural morphogenesis (1). Polarity, as a dualist principle, is found in most of Goethe's body of works, particularly in his treatise on colour and botanical writings. This concept is explored from a morphogenetic perspective to reconsider Goethe's engagement with natural sciences during Enlightenment where he transfers his ideas on form and growth to architecture. In the first part, morphogenesis as a concept for the study of organic growth is discussed that combines modern research in biology and architecture. In the second part, Goethean morphology as a unified science founded on polar principles is presented to discuss a historical perspective to morphogenesis. Here, Goethe's concept of metamorphosis is highlighted as a principle founded on polarity, formulated with alternating cycles of expansion and contraction. These concepts are explicated using an algorithmic study of leaf development to discuss its morphogenetic application to the study of form and growth in natural morphogenesis. In the last part, Goethe's morphological views are extended towards architecture within the framework of organicism where his ideas on the polarity are directed towards the aesthetic reception and formal development of the built environment. Comparing the form of two Gothic cathedrals, Laon and Noyon, the paper will offer a developmental model based on the concept of metamorphosis as an alternative trajectory for morphological research in architecture.
Stripped and Layered Fabrication of Minimal Surface Tectonics Using Parametric Algorithms
(de Gruyter Poland Sp Z O O, 2023) Gokmen, Sabri; Gökmen, Sabri
This article describes a parametric design and fabrication workflow influenced by Frei Otto's form-finding experiments on soap films. The research investigates minimal surface geometry by combining physical and digital experiments in a computational framework. Operating on mesh topology, various parametric design tools and plug-ins in Rhinoceros/Grasshopper are presented to discuss the translation of minimal surfaces to flat strips suitable for planar fabrication using flexible materials. These tools are tested on a case study to show the automated design and manufacture of double-curved surfaces as double-layered strips running in perpendicular directions that can be affixed at point connections for structural stability. The development of the parametric workflow, material constraints, and stripped fabrication of layers are discussed.