Browsing by Author "Kozak, Metin"

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Citation - WoS: 3
Citation - Scopus: 3
Challenges of Teaching in a Different Culture: An Auto-Ethnographic Study
(Cognizant Communication Corp, 2021) Kozak, Metin
Teaching in a different culture and environment is always a challenging issue. This may last from a few months to a few years, depending on the consequences of personal characteristics and environmental situations. Based on a personal experience, this article investigates the possible cultural differences between the lecturer and students in a teaching environment and understanding how the student perceptions may gradually change and the student -lecturer interaction may evolve until the semester ends. In a methodological way, the conclusions were drawn out of a mixed-method approach that is composed of a personal observation of the lecturer (etic), and expressions, both verbal and written, and memories of other persons (students) within the same class (emit). In lights of Hofstede's cultural dimensions, the study addresses a list of practical implications as the lessons learned-presumably the best way to cope with the challenges of teaching in a different culture.
Citation - WoS: 5
Citation - Scopus: 5
LANGUAGE DIVERSITY AND LITERATURE REVIEWS IN TOURISM RESEARCH
(Cognizant Communication Corp, 2023) Seraphin, Hugues; Kennell, James; Mandic, Ante; Smith, Simon; Kozak, Metin
Language bias is a common yet undiscussed practice that can significantly constrain the rigor and generalization of place-based studies and literature reviews. This article discusses how research published in English compared with other languages is considered or not when conducting literature reviews. This research focuses specifically on tourism research and explores specific journal article examples in the contemporary subject area of overtourism within destination-based studies. To do this, we take a critical linguistic, postpositivist approach to three case studies drawn from the literature on the phenomenon of overtourism. The study highlights how research in languages other than English is often discounted or omitted in academic fields that are dominated by English language publications. Nevertheless, our findings strongly support the proposition that place-specific research, to be rigorous and generalizable, should be supported by research carried out in relevant languages for its location. This research provides evidence that place-based research, based on literature from multiple languages and interdisciplinarity, can be reliable, valid, and trustworthy. The study also notes the recommendations for conducting literature reviews within place-specific research and avenues for future research.
Citation - WoS: 4
Citation - Scopus: 4
Positive Effects of Covid-19 on Food Preparation and Expenditure Habits: a Comparative Study Across Three Countries
(Cambridge Univ Press, 2022) ozen, Asli Emine; Kartari, Asker; Correia, Antonia; Wen, Jun; Kozak, Metin
Objective: This study seeks to empirically investigate how the changing eating habits affect health habits within three countries with entirely different cultures and diets to understand to what extent the pandemic may be responsible for these changes. Design: Specifically, a questionnaire was conducted in China, Portugal and Turkey in early 2021. A series of statistical analyses were performed to identify how changes in individuals' eating habits have influenced their diets, considering the pandemic context and the varying cultural contexts where this research was performed. Setting: A structured questionnaire form was developed and uploaded to an online platform with unique links for automatic distribution to respondents in each country. Data for the main survey were gathered between 3 January and 1 February 2021. Participants: Using snowball sampling, the authors leveraged their social networks by asking friends and colleagues to distribute the survey to potentially interested individuals. This distribution was stratified accordingly to the distribution of the population. The authors ultimately collected 319 useable surveys from China, 351 from Portugal and 449 from Turkey. Results: The pandemic inspired healthier food habits, mostly because people have additional time to cook, shop differently for food and spend more money on groceries. Conclusions: The study suggests that aside from cultural values and dietary habits, the available time and the fear of the pandemic most explained the new eating habits. Several implications are provided for researchers and overall society in these three countries.
Citation - WoS: 2
Citation - Scopus: 1
Determining and making sense of recruitment practices for tourism academics in the UK
(Emerald Group Publishing Ltd, 2022) Seraphin, Hugues; Kennell, James; Smith, Simon; Mandic, Ante; Kozak, Metin
Purpose This study aims to examine the influence of neoliberalism and managerialism on the recruitment of tourism academics in the UK. The study analyses how sustainable the recruitment and retention of talents are in the tourism industry. Importantly, this study provides particular focus on sustainable tourism roles, as well as the impacts of COVID-19. Design/methodology/approach Qualitative content analysis focuses on academic jobs in tourism advertised on Jobs.ac.uk between June 2020 and July 2021. Findings Study findings reveal how, in the case of the UK, current educational ideologies, including neoliberalism and managerialism, significantly influence curriculum and recruitment. Such an approach facilitates the hidden curriculum of undisciplined tourism programmes and significantly constrains the prominence of sustainability principles. The development of curriculum, student life course and recruitment of academics are influenced by several variables (personal, environmental, behavioural), which must be identified to enable decision-makers to engage in efficient planning. Originality/value This study provides a unique focus on the recruitment of tourism academics encompassing crucial factors like sustainable tourism and COVID-19. The proposed framework creates the foundation for the investigation and discussion of academics' recruitment in different contexts. This study also offers several new avenues for future research.
Citation - WoS: 3
Citation - Scopus: 4
What Emotions Trigger the Perceived Destination Image and Word-of Recommendation in World Heritage Sites
(Wiley, 2025) Ferreira, Diana Filipa S.; da Costa, Rui Augusto; Chim-Miki, Adriana Fumi; Kozak, Metin
This study identifies what emotions trigger the tourism destination's perceived image and affect the word-of-mouth recommendation of World Heritage Sites. We used PLS-SEM and Multigroup Analysis. Data were collected from 271 tourists visiting Porto City, Portugal. Results show that not all emotions affect the destination's image. Deeper feelings require more time at the destination. Multigroup analysis indicated that the length of stay enhances the impact of emotional response on the perceived image of both positive and negative emotions. However, the number of repeat visits did not change the emotional response. Our results challenge the conventional wisdom in the field but underscore the dynamic nature of visitor-destination relationships. The findings reinforce the potential of emotional attachment to generate an emotional response that can influence visitor engagement. Destination managers can use these findings to optimize market positioning, improving both the destination image and enhancing positive word-of-mouth.
Citation - WoS: 35
Citation - Scopus: 38
Vulnerable Populations With Psychological Disorders in Tourism: Methodological Challenges and Recommended Solutions for Empirical Research
(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2023) Zhenga, Danni; Wenb, Jun; Kozak, Metin; Phaud, Ian; Houe, Haifeng; Wang, Wei
Vulnerable groups, including travel-eligible tourists with medical conditions (e.g., early- and mid-stage dementia), represent an emerging niche market in the tourism industry that has been largely overlooked in the tourism literature. By identifying and addressing the challenges of conducting empirical research for this population, unreliable and misrepresentative data (and resulting imprudent recommendations) can be avoided. Given that tourism-based interventions may provide a new avenue for patient-oriented treatments, rigorous methodological guidelines are needed to advance knowledge in this interdisciplinary area. This paper provides insights into the potential challenges of empirical research involving tourists with psychological disorders. Collecting primary data from target participants requires preparation and deliberate contemplation when identifying and recruiting travel-eligible tourists. Solutions such as clear recruitment criteria, randomized controlled trials, and integrated health research approaches are recommended. Resultant studies on exposure and outcomes can inform tourism management and marketing strategies regarding these populations.
Citation - Scopus: 44
Past, Present and Future: Trends in Tourism Research
(Routledge, 2022) Correia, A.; Kozak, Metin
Tourism academics are organized like a very small community that interacts within this small group so that its scientific advances are not imported by other disciplines, the so-called tribes defined by Tribe [Tribe, J. (2006). The truth about tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 33(2), 360–381. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2005.11.001]. The discussion usually ends with the rankings of authors and journals that also contribute to funnelling out knowledge. This research attempts to understand the gaps of tourism research to draw in trends that should be emphasized in and out of tourism community. Based upon a collection of 63,176 papers that is all the papers published in Scopus journals, social network analysis is applied to unveil countries, journals, and authors’ expertise as well as convergence points in academia through the content analysis of keywords, scientific areas, affiliated countries and journals. The findings contribute as a guide for scholars and to the discussion of the gaps of tourism whether it be as a trans- or interdisciplinary approach. The full picture that this paper allows to have about tourism research also represents a critical analysis about its evolution since its very beginning emphasizing its weakness and strengths. The study ends with a few suggestions to raise the interdisciplinarity and transdisciplinary nature of tourism research. © 2021 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
Citation - WoS: 3
Citation - Scopus: 2
Calling for Cross-Disciplinary Research on Tourists with Mental Disorders: A Neglected Population Requiring More Scholarly Attention
(Elsevier SCI LTD, 2025) Wen, Jun; Zheng, Danni; Hu, Fangli; Phau, Ian; Kozak, Metin; Hou, Haifeng; Wang, Wei
Citation - WoS: 41
Citation - Scopus: 50
Revisiting destination competitiveness through chaos theory: The butterfly competitiveness model
(Elsevier, 2021) Altinay, Levent; Kozak, Metin
The second decade of this century has been characterized by a particular emphasis on the significance of safety and security in human life in general and in tourist decision-making in particular. This study is therefore a timely overview of the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on various parts of the travel and tourism industry across the globe. Specifically, this study revisits the subject of destination competitiveness by introducing possible new actors and paradigms through the concepts of chaos theory and the butterfly effect. The study proposes a model, called the butterfly competitiveness model, to capture the edge of chaos of the tourism industry, the butterfly effects of COVID-19, cosmology, bifurcation events and behaviors, and health and safety-driven self-organization for destination competitiveness. It also clarifies the role of governments and health authorities as strange attractors in self-organization.
Araştırma Yöntemleri Bilgisinin Önemi: Turizm Alanına Yönelik Bir Gömülü Teori Çalışması
(2021) Kozak, Metin; Sop, Serhat Adem
Turizm akademisinde araştırma yöntemleri bilgisine atfedilen önemin belirlenmesi ve yöntem bilgisinin ortaya çıkaracağı etkilerin tartışılması amacıyla yürütülen bu çalışmada nitel araştırma paradigması uygulanmıştır. Hazırlanan 16 soruluk çevrimiçi soru formu kolayda örnekleme tekniği ile belirlenmiş olan bireyler ile e-posta ve sosyal medya üzerinden özel mesaj gönderilerek paylaşılmış, 39 katılımcıdan ulaşılan veriler gömülü teori yaklaşımıyla analiz edilmiştir. Bu bağlamda; turizm araştırmalarındaki yaygın yöntemsel paradigmada değişimine ihtiyaç duyulduğu, nicel veya nitel yöntemlere odaklanmak yerine problem-yöntem uyumuna dikkat edilmesi gerektiği, nitelikli bir araştırmacı olabilmek için yöntem bilgisinin son derece önemli bulunduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Araştırma yöntemleri bilgisinin doğrudan ve dolaylı etkileri ise “geleneksel yaklaşım” ve “evrensel yaklaşım” olarak adlandırılan iki yaklaşım çerçevesinde yorumlanmıştır. Bu yönüyle mevcut çalışma, turizm araştırmacılarına evrensel yaklaşımı bir vizyon olarak sunmakta ve “araştırma yöntemleri bilgisi neden gereklidir?” sorusunu kapsamlı biçimde yanıtlayarak alan yazındaki önemli bir boşluğu doldurmaktadır.
Determination of Sustainable Areas for Ecotourism Using GIS-Based AHP
(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2025) Kaya, Sude Nur; Genc, Levent; Kozak, Metin
The study aims to select locations suitable for ecotourism, which has become an important concept for developing countries because of its significance in biodiversity conservation, the growing awareness of sustainability, and the increasing demand for nature-based experiences. This study determined suitable ecotourism locations using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) within the Geographic Information Systems (GIS) framework in an area with a typical Mediterranean climate. All data used for analysis were open resources. Thirteen criteria were considered to determine suitable areas, while restricted areas were identified based on a literature review and expert opinions. Findings determine that 65.01% of the total areas are unsuitable for ecotourism, 20.28% are moderately suitable, and 14.71% are highly suitable. Areas near forested lands and open water bodies were found to be the most suitable regions, while the distribution of the most favourable places for ecotourism varied by district across the province. The study provides a fundamental framework as a benchmark for ecotourism planning in similar regions and offers valuable information for future sustainable tourism development initiatives.
Citation - WoS: 1
Citation - Scopus: 1
IMPACTS OF THE PANDEMIC ON HOSPITALITY OPERATIONS: THE MANAGERIAL PERSPECTIVE
(Cognizant Communication Corp, 2023) Gunaydin, Yusuf; Kozak, Metin; Cinar, Kevser
Despite the fact that there has been much research in the field of COVID-19 and its impacts, the existing literature has been extensively dominated by a limited time scale and departments in the hospitality industry. Therefore, this study investigates the potential short-term impacts of a pandemic on hospitality operations, specifically relating to the revision of annual budgets and the provision of regular services and how these operations progressed in 2 years. The study aims to fill the literature gap and convey the mission to guide entrepreneurs and managers from an industrial perspective. Data were collected twice: the first was in the early weeks of 2021while the second corresponds to the early weeks of 2022 through personal interviews with 13 general managers of hospitality businesses operating in Turkey. Findings indicate that the pandemic has substantially changed the proposed annual budgets and hospitality operations. However, such changes have yet to be fully stable later.
Citation - WoS: 3
Citation - Scopus: 6
Managing Crisis in the Tourism Industry: How Pessimism Has Changed to Optimism?
(Inst Tourism, 2022) Gunaydin, Yusuf; Kozak, Metin
This study aims to investigate how the coronavirus has resulted in harmful effects on the tourism industry and how it has most likely shaken the common traditional practices that the industry had followed for years. With a chronological order, this is a case study focusing on personal observations and also personal communication with hoteliers and retailers commencing from the early weeks to the end of 2020 in Turkey. The study has resulted in the categorization of risks, challenges and responses under 10 parts. The study also provides implications for the literature and the industry at the business and destination level altogether.
Citation - WoS: 1
Citation - Scopus: 1
Drıvers of Employee Dis/Satisfaction: a Comparison of Tourism and Sports Industries
(Akdeniz Univ, Tourism Fac, 2023) Sevilmis, Ali; Kozak, Metin; Oezdemir, Ilknur
This study aims to identify the common and distinct factors affecting the dis/satisfaction of employees in two different industries, namely tourism and sports, and develop a model. The study was carried out using the qualitative method. A total of 118 employees in five-star hotels and sports centers participated in the study. Common factors affecting employee satisfaction were thematized as relationship with co-workers, nature of the job, relationship with superiors, salary, working hours, career opportunities, and job security. The factors affecting the dissatisfaction were thematized as inefficient salary, lack of relationship with superiors, job insecurity, and lack of relationship with co-workers. In the context of satisfaction in tourism, the theme of Facilities and benefits differs from sports. In the context of dissatisfaction with sports, the theme of lack of career opportunities differs from tourism. Based on the study findings, practical implications are presented for the two industries in an aim to increase the performance and productivity of their businesses. The study conveys its originality by identifying the employee dis/satisfaction factors in the tourism and sports industries.
Citation - WoS: 1
Citation - Scopus: 2
Place solidarity: A case of the Türkiye earthquakes
(Elsevier, 2024) Josiassen, Alexander; Hede, Anne-Marie; Kozak, Metin; Kock, Florian; Assaf, Albert
[No Abstract Available]
Citation - WoS: 5
Citation - Scopus: 6
Solidarity Tourism: a Pathway To Revitalising the Health of Vulnerable War-Affected Populations?
(Int Soc Global Health, 2023) Wen, Jun; Hu, Fangli; Zheng, Danni; Phau, Ian; Kozak, Metin; Hou, Haifeng; Wang, Wei
[Abstract Not Available]
Citation - Scopus: 3
Positioning five-star hotels in city destinations: The case of Istanbul, Turkey
(Sage Publications Ltd, 2023) Sanlioz-Ozgen, Hanim Kader; Kozak, Metin
Destinations and hotel businesses take advantage of many benefits of the online world. Extensive qualitative (review texts) and quantitative (review scores and room rates) data sources enable them to assess their positions through the eyes of their customers. The aim of this study is to propose a method focusing on customer reviews and rates in order to help hotel businesses with assessment of their positioning strategies. The dataset included a selection of five-star hotels in Istanbul, a city destination of Turkey. Room rates and the findings from a thematic narrative analysis of TripAdvisor reviews from a cognitive and experiential perspective were combined to create a position map. The findings extend traditional classification systems and reveal three competitive groups of five-star hotels with specific attributes in a city destination. Other findings offer some insight for hotel and destination managers, enabling them to evaluate the performance of positioning strategies of five-star hotels in the market.
Citation - WoS: 12
Citation - Scopus: 13
Cannabis Tourists' Perceived Constraints To Engaging in Commercial Cannabis Tourism Overseas: a Comparison of First-Time and Repeat Tourists
(Emerald Group Publishing Ltd, 2023) Wen, Jun; Kozak, Metin; Ying, Tianyu
Purpose Given the increasing number of tourists exposed to commercially available cannabis, it is important to understand visitors' perceived constraints to cannabis consumption while travelling. This study aims to compare cannabis tourists' perceived constraints between first-time and repeat tourists to gain comprehensive understanding. Design/methodology/approach This study involved 32 conversational field interviews (5-10 min) with Chinese tourists who had smoked cannabis in coffee shops in Amsterdam to identify perceived constraints to engaging in cannabis tourism. The hierarchical constraint model (HCM) informed qualitative data coding using a deductive approach to compare first-time and repeat tourists. Content analysis was conducted manually. Findings Results showed that both tourist groups faced intrapersonal, interpersonal and structural perceived constraints to cannabis consumption. Differences in first-time and repeat cannabis tourists' perceived constraints were explained using the neutralization technique framework and psychological tactics, such as the defence of necessity, claims of entitlement, normal practice and claims of relative acceptability. In addition, social exchange theory was employed to explain why repeat cannabis tourists perceived fewer constraints than first-time tourists. Practical implications Although the current study did not intend to address the importance of cannabis tourism in places where cannabis is commercially available, findings offer empirical guidance for industry practitioners and policymakers regarding cannabis use education, prevention and policy in tourism contexts; related efforts can promote the sustainable development of this tourism market while protecting cannabis tourists' physical and psychological well-being. Originality/value This study makes important theoretical contributions regarding travel constraints in the unique context of cannabis tourism between first-time and repeat tourists. Findings will also enable academics, industry operators, policymakers and local residents of cannabis tourism destinations to better understand how these tourists decide whether to consume cannabis overseas. Differences in these perceived constraints between first-time and repeat tourists are discussed to highlight the dynamic nature of travel constraints.
Citation - WoS: 56
Citation - Scopus: 68
Interactive engagement through travel and tourism social media groups: A social facilitation theory perspective
(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2022) Camilleri, Mark Anthony; Kozak, Metin
This research investigates perceptions about online content attractiveness, interactive engagement and real time conversation capabilities through travel and tourism social media groups. The study hypothesizes that these factors affect the social media subscribers' attitudes toward the destinations' social media groups, their in-tentions to revisit them, and could even influence their social facilitation behaviors. The data was gathered from 923 Facebook (Meta) subscribers who were members of travel and tourism groups. A partial least squares (PLS) approach was used to reveal the validity and reliability of the chosen constructs. The findings suggest that Facebook subscribers were drawn to those groups that featured aesthetically pleasing content and to the ones that facilitated their engagement. This contribution implies that today's marketers ought to embrace digital transformation processes that are disrupting social network services (SNSs). Content curators are expected to continuously present appealing content in their social media posts, to interact with their followers in a timely manner, and to encourage positive social facilitation behaviors through online and offline channels.
Citation - WoS: 3
Citation - Scopus: 3
Determinants of Citations in Tourism and Hospitality Studies
(inst Tourism, 2024) Correia, Antonia; Rodrigues, Paulo Manuel Marques; Kozak, Metin; Raposo, Pedro
Citation metrics are frequently used to assess research and rank journals and researchers. Nevertheless, this is still a process with asymmetric information. Tourism research has matured within a small community and through a multidisciplinary scientific paradigm. This paper aims to understand the determinants of tourism research citation patterns. To this end, 101,968 papers within fifteen years (2004-2018) are analysed. Our empirical results suggest that authors' prestige, the multidisciplinary nature of research, and the impact factor of journals and bibliometric articles will likely increase an article's citations. This paper represents a step forward in understanding the citation formation process in tourism research.