Quantum Thermal Machine as a Rectifier

Abstract

We study a chain of interacting individual quantum systems connected to heat baths at different temperatures on both ends. Starting with the two-system case, we thoroughly investigate the conditions for heat rectification (asymmetric heat transport), compute thermal conductance, and generalize the results to longer chains. We find that heat rectification in the weak coupling regime can be independent of the chain length and that negative differential thermal conductance occurs. We also examine the relationship between heat rectification with entanglement and the entropy production. In the strong coupling regime, the system exhibits an asymmetric Rabi-type splitting in the thermal conductance, leading to enhanced heat transport and improved rectification inaccessible in the weak coupling. This setup represents the simplest quantum thermal machine that consumes incoherent resources and delivers entanglement while acting as a rectifier and heat valve. © 2025 The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd.