Browsing by Author "Berker, A. Nihat"

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Citation - WoS: 3
Citation - Scopus: 3
Electric-field induced phase transitions in capillary electrophoretic systems
(Aip Publishing, 2021) Kaygusuz, Hakan; Erim, F. Bedia; Berker, A. Nihat
The movement of particles in a capillary electrophoretic system under electroosmotic flow was modeled using Monte Carlo simulation with the Metropolis algorithm. Two different cases with repulsive and attractive interactions between molecules were taken into consideration. Simulation was done using a spin-like system, where the interactions between the nearest and second closest neighbors were considered in two separate steps of the modeling study. A total of 20 different cases with different rates of interactions for both repulsive and attractive interactions were modeled. The movement of the particles through the capillary is defined as current. At a low interaction level between molecules, a regular electroosmotic flow is obtained; on the other hand, with increasing interactions between molecules, the current shows a phase transition behavior. The results also show that a modular electroosmotic flow can be obtained for separations by tuning the ratio between molecular interactions and electric field strength.
XY-Ashkin Phase Diagram in D=3
(Elsevier, 2025) Turkoglu, Alpar; Berker, A. Nihat
The phase diagram of the Ashkin-Tellerized XY model in spatial dimension d = 3 is calculated by renormalization-group theory. In this system, each site has two spins, each spin being an XY spin, that is having orientation continuously varying in 2 pi radians. Nearest-neighbor sites are coupled by two-spin and four-spin interactions. The phase diagram has ordered phases that are ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic in each of the spins, and phases that are ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic in the multiplicative spin variable. The phase diagram distinctively exhibits a pair of symmetrically situated direct bifurcation points and a pair of symmetrically situated reverse bifurcation points of the phase boundaries. The renormalization-group flows are in terms of the doubly composite Fourier coefficients of the exponentiated energy of nearest-neighbor spins.
Axial, planar-diagonal, body-diagonal fields on the cubic-spin spin glass in d=3: A plethora of ordered phases under finite fields
(Amer Physical Soc, 2024) Artun, E. Can; Sarman, Deniz; Berker, A. Nihat
A nematic phase, previously seen in the d = 3 classical Heisenberg spin-glass system, occurs in the n-component cubic-spin spin-glass system, between the low-temperature spin-glass phase and the hightemperature disordered phase, for number of spin components n >= 3, in spatial dimension d = 3, thus constituting a liquid-crystal phase in a dirty (quenched-disordered) magnet. Furthermore, under application of a variety of uniform magnetic fields, a veritable plethora of phases is found. Under uniform magnetic fields, 17 different phases and two spin-glass phase diagram topologies (meaning the occurrences and relative positions of the many phases), qualitatively different from the conventional spin-glass phase diagram topology, are seen. The chaotic rescaling behaviors and their Lyapunov exponents are calculated in each of these spin-glass phase diagram topologies. These results are obtained from renormalization-group calculations that are exact on the d = 3 hierarchical lattice and, equivalently, approximate on the cubic spatial lattice. Axial, planar-diagonal, or body-diagonal finite-strength uniform fields are applied to n = 2 and 3 component cubic-spin spin-glass systems in d=3.
Citation - WoS: 5
Citation - Scopus: 5
Driven and Non-Driven Surface Chaos in Spin-Glass Sponges
(Pergamon-elsevier Science Ltd, 2023) Pektas, Yigit Ertac; Artun, E. Can; Berker, A. Nihat
A spin-glass system with a smooth or fractal outer surface is studied by renormalization-group theory, in bulk spatial dimension d = 3. Independently varying the surface and bulk random-interaction strengths, phase diagrams are calculated. The smooth surface does not have spin-glass ordering in the absence of bulk spin-glass ordering and always has spin-glass ordering when the bulk is spin-glass ordered. With fractal (d > 2) surfaces, a sponge is obtained and has surface spin-glass ordering also in the absence of bulk spin-glass ordering. The phase diagram has the only-surface-spin-glass ordered phase, the bulk and surface spin-glass ordered phase, and the disordered phase, and a special multicritical point where these three phases meet. All spin-glass phases have distinct chaotic renormalization-group trajectories, with distinct Lyapunov and runaway exponents which we have calculated.
Citation - WoS: 1
Citation - Scopus: 1
6-Point Tripled Ashkin-Teller Global Phase Diagrams in Two and Three Dimensions
(Elsevier, 2025) Zeynioglu, Deniz Ipek; Berker, A. Nihat
The tripled Ashkin-Teller model including 6-point interactions is solved in d = 2 and 3 by renormalization-group theory that is exact on the hierarchical lattice and approximate on the recently first/second-order-transition improved Migdal-Kadanoff procedure. Five different ordered phases occur in the dimensionally distinct global phase diagrams. 16 different phase diagram cross-sections in the 2-point and 4-point interaction space are obtained, with first-and second-order phase transitions, multiple tricritical points and critical endpoints.
Citation - WoS: 2
Citation - Scopus: 5
Global Ashkin-Teller Phase Diagrams in Two and Three Dimensions: Multicritical Bifurcation Versus Double Tricriticality-Endpoint
(Elsevier, 2023) Kecoglu, Ibrahim; Berker, A. Nihat
The global phase diagrams of the Ashkin-Teller model are calculated in d = 2 and 3 by renormalization-group theory that is exact on the hierarchical lattice and approximate on the recently improved Migdal-Kadanoff procedure. Three different ordered phases occur in the dimensionally distinct phase diagrams that reflect three-fold order-parameter permutation symmetry, a closed symmetry line, and a quasi-disorder line. First- and second-order phase boundaries are obtained. In d = 2, second-order phase transitions meeting at a bifurcation point are seen. In d = 3, first- and second-order phase transitions are separated by tricritical and critical endpoints.
Citation - WoS: 12
Citation - Scopus: 12
Phase Transitions Between Different Spin-Glass Phases and Between Different Chaoses in Quenched Random Chiral Systems
(Amer Physical Soc., 2017) Çağlar, Tolga; Berker, A. Nihat
The left-right chiral and ferromagnetic-antiferromagnetic double-spin-glass clock model with the crucially even number of states q = 4 and in three dimensions d = 3 has been studied by renormalization-group theory. We find for the first time to our knowledge four spin-glass phases including conventional chiral and quadrupolar spin-glass phases and phase transitions between spin-glass phases. The chaoses in the different spin-glass phases and in the phase transitions of the spin-glass phases with the other spin-glass phases with the non-spin-glass ordered phases and with the disordered phase are determined and quantified by Lyapunov exponents. It is seen that the chiral spin-glass phase is the most chaotic spin-glass phase. The calculated phase diagram is also otherwise very rich including regular and temperature-inverted devil's staircases and reentrances.
Citation - WoS: 1
Citation - Scopus: 1
Fractal Measures of Sea, Lake, Strait, and Dam-Reserve Shores: Calculation, Differentiation, and Interpretation
(ELSEVIER, 2021) Yılmazer, Dilara; Berker, A. Nihat; Yılmaz, Yücel
The fractal dimensions d(f) of the shore lines of the Mediterranean, the Aegean, the Black Sea, the Bosphorus Straits (on both the Asian and European sides), the Van Lake, and the lake formed by the Ataturk Dam have been calculated. Important distinctions have been found and explained. (C) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Citation - WoS: 5
Citation - Scopus: 5
Asymmetric Phase Diagrams, Algebraically Ordered Berezinskii-Kosterlitz Phase, and Peninsular Potts Flow Structure in Long-Range Spin Glasses
(Amer Physical Soc, 2022) Gurleyen, S. Efe; Berker, A. Nihat
The Ising spin-glass model on the three-dimensional (d = 3) hierarchical lattice with long-range ferromagnetic or spin-glass interactions is studied by the exact renormalization-group solution of the hierarchical lattice. The chaotic characteristics of the spin-glass phases are extracted in the form of our calculated, in this case continuously varying, Lyapunov exponents. Ferromagnetic long-range interactions break the usual symmetry of the spin-glass phase diagram. This phase-diagram symmetry breaking is dramatic, as it is underpinned by renormalization-group peninsular flows of the Potts multicritical type. A Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) phase with algebraic order and a BKT-spin-glass phase transition with continuously varying critical exponents are seen. Similarly, for spin-glass long-range interactions, the Potts mechanism is also seen, by the mutual annihilation of stable and unstable fixed distributions causing the abrupt change of the phase diagram. On one side of this abrupt change, two distinct spin-glass phases, with finite (chaotic) and infinite (chaotic) coupling asymptotic behaviors are seen with a spin-glass to spin-glass phase transition.
Citation - WoS: 1
Citation - Scopus: 1
Covid-19 Modeling Based on Real Geographic and Population Data
(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2023) Baysazan, Emir; Berker, A. Nihat; Mandal, Hasan; Kaygusuz, Hakan
Background/aim: Intercity travel is one of the most important parameters for combating a pandemic. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in different computational studies involving intercity connections. In this study, the effects of intercity connections during an epidemic such as COVID-19 are evaluated using a new network model. Materials and methods: This model considers the actual geographic neighborhood and population density data. This new model is applied to actual Turkish data by means of provincial connections and populations. A Monte Carlo algorithm with a hybrid lattice model is applied to a lattice with 8802 data points. Results: Around Monte Carlo step 70, the number of active cases in Turkiye reaches up to 8.0% of the total population, which is followed by a second wave at around Monte Carlo step 100. The number of active cases vanishes around Monte Carlo step 160. Starting with Istanbul, the epidemic quickly expands between steps 60 and 100. Simulation results fit the actual mortality data in Turkiye. Conclusion: This model is quantitatively very efficient in modeling real-world COVID-19 epidemic data based on populations and geographical intercity connections, by means of estimating the number of deaths, disease spread, and epidemic termination.
Citation - WoS: 2
Citation - Scopus: 2
Maximally Random Discrete-Spin Systems With Symmetric and Asymmetric Interactions and Maximally Degenerate Ordering
(Amer Physical Soc., 2018) Atalay, Bora; Berker, A. Nihat
Discrete-spin systems with maximally random nearest-neighbor interactions that can be symmetric or asymmetric ferromagnetic or antiferromagnetic including off-diagonal disorder are studied for the number of states q = 34 in d dimensions. We use renormalization-group theory that is exact for hierarchical lattices and approximate (Migdal-Kadanoff) for hypercubic lattices. For all d > 1 and all nonmfimte temperatures the system eventually renormalizes to a random single state thus signaling q x q degenerate ordering. Note that this is the maximally degenerate ordering. For high-temperature initial conditions the system crosses over to this highly degenerate ordering only after spending many renormalization-group iterations near the disordered (infinite-temperature) fixed point. Thus a temperature range of short-range disorder in the presence of long-range order is identified as previously seen in underfrustrated Ising spin-glass systems. The entropy is calculated for all temperatures behaves similarly for ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic interactions and shows a derivative maximum at the short-range disordering temperature. With a sharp immediate contrast of infinitesimally higher dimension 1 + epsilon the system is as expected disordered at all temperatures for d = 1.
Citation - WoS: 8
Citation - Scopus: 8
Lower Critical Dimension of the Random-Field Xy Model and the Zero-Temperature Critical Line
(Amer Physical Soc, 2022) Akin, Kutay; Berker, A. Nihat
The random-field XY model is studied in spatial dimensions d = 3 and 4, and in between, as the limit q -> infinity of the q-state clock models, by the exact renormalization-group solution of the hierarchical lattice or, equivalently, the Migdal-Kadanoff approximation to the hypercubic lattices. The lower critical dimension is determined between 3.81 < d(c) < 4. When the random field is scaled with q, a line segment of zero-temperature criticality is found in d = 3. When the random field is scaled with q(2), a universal phase diagram is found at intermediate temperatures in d = 3.
Citation - WoS: 5
Citation - Scopus: 5
Phase Transitions of the Variety of Random-Field Potts Models
(Elsevier, 2021) Turkoglu, Alpar; Berker, A. Nihat
The phase transitions of random-field q-state Potts models in d = 3 dimensions are studied by renormalization-group theory by exact solution of a hierarchical lattice and, equivalently, approximate Migdal-Kadanoff solutions of a cubic lattice. The recursion, under rescaling, of coupled random-field and random-bond (induced under rescaling by random fields) coupled probability distributions is followed to obtain phase diagrams. Unlike the Ising model (q = 2), several types of random fields can be defined for q >= 3 Potts models, including random-axis favored, random-axis disfavored, random-axis randomly favored or disfavored cases, all of which are studied. Quantitatively very similar phase diagrams are obtained, for a given q for the three types of field randomness, with the low-temperature ordered phase persisting, increasingly as temperature is lowered, up to random-field threshold in d = 3, which is calculated for all temperatures below the zero-field critical temperature. Phase diagrams thus obtained are compared as a function of q. The ordered phase in the low-q models reaches higher temperatures, while in the high-q models it reaches higher random fields. This renormalization-group calculation result is physically explained. (c) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Citation - WoS: 3
Citation - Scopus: 3
Nematic Ordering in the Heisenberg Spin-Glass System in Three Dimensions
(Amer Physical Soc, 2023) Tunca, Egemen; Berker, A. Nihat
Nematic ordering, where the spins globally align along a spontaneously chosen axis irrespective of direction, occurs in spin-glass systems of classical Heisenberg spins in d = 3. In this system where the nearest-neighbor interactions are quenched randomly ferromagnetic or antiferromagnetic, instead of the locally randomly ordered spin-glass phase, the system orders globally as a nematic phase. This nematic ordering of the Heisenberg spin -glass system is dramatically different from the spin-glass ordering of the Ising spin-glass system. The system is solved exactly on a hierarchical lattice and, equivalently, Migdal-Kadanoff approximately on a cubic lattice. The global phase diagram is calculated, exhibiting this nematic phase, and ferromagnetic, antiferromagnetic, disordered phases. The nematic phase of the classical Heisenberg spin-glass system is also found in other dimensions d > 2: We calculate nematic transition temperatures in 24 different dimensions in 2 < d 4.
Citation - WoS: 2
Citation - Scopus: 2
Spin-S Spin-Glass Phases in the D=3 Ising Model
(Amer Physical Soc, 2021) Artun, E. Can; Berker, A. Nihat
All higher-spin (s >= 1/2) Ising spin glasses are studied by renormalization-group theory in spatial dimension d = 3, exactly on a d = 3 hierarchical model and, simultaneously, by the Migdal-Kadanoff approximation on the cubic lattice. The s-sequence of global phase diagrams, the chaos Lyapunov exponent, and the spin-glass runaway exponent are calculated. It is found that, in d = 3, a finite-temperature spin-glass phase occurs for all spin values, including the continuum limit of s -> infinity. The phase diagrams, with increasing spin s, saturate to a limit value. The spin-glass phase, for all s, exhibits chaotic behavior under rescalings, with the calculated Lyapunov exponent of lambda = 1.93 and runaway exponent of y(R) = 0.24, showing simultaneous strong-chaos and strong-coupling behavior. The ferromagnetic-spin-glass and spin-glass-antiferromagnetic phase transitions occurring, along their whole length, respectively at p(t) = 0.37 and 0.63 are unaffected by s, confirming the percolative nature of this phase transition.
Citation - WoS: 3
Citation - Scopus: 4
Nematic Phase of the N-Component Cubic-Spin Spin Glass in D=3: Liquid-Crystal Phase in a Dirty Magnet
(Elsevier, 2024) Artun, E. Can; Sarman, Deniz; Berker, A. Nihat
A nematic phase, previously seen in the n= 3 classical Heisenberg spin-glass system, occurs in the n-component cubic-spin spin-glass system, between the low-temperature spin-glass phase and the-high temperature disordered phase, for number of components n >= 3, in spatial dimension n= 3, thus constituting a liquid-crystal phase in a dirty (quenched-disordered) magnet. This result is obtained from renormalization-group calculations that are exact on the hierarchical lattice and, equivalently, approximate on the cubic spatial lattice. The nematic phase completely intervenes between the spin-glass phase and the disordered phase. The Lyapunov exponents of the spin-glass chaos are calculated from n= 1 up to n= 12 and show odd-even oscillations with respect to n.
Citation - WoS: 3
Citation - Scopus: 3
Renormalization-Group Theory of the Heisenberg Model in D Dimensions
(Elsevier, 2022) Tunca, Egemen; Berker, A. Nihat
The classical Heisenberg model has been solved in spatial d dimensions, exactly in d = 1 and by the Migdal-Kadanoff approximation in d > 1, by using a Fourier-Legendre expansion. The phase transition temperatures, the energy densities, and the specific heats are calculated in arbitrary dimension d. Fisher's exact result is recovered in d = 1. The absence of an ordered phase, conventional or algebraic (in contrast to the XY model yielding an algebraically ordered phase) is recovered in d = 2. A conventionally ordered phase occurs at d > 2. This method opens the way to complex-system calculations with Heisenberg local degrees of freedom.(c) 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Metastable Potts droplets
(AMER PHYSICAL SOC, 2021) Artun, E. Can; Berker, A. Nihat
The existence and limits of metastable droplets have been calculated using finite-system renormalization-group theory, for q-state Potts models in spatial dimension d = 3. The dependence of the droplet critical sizes on magnetic field, temperature, and number of Potts states q has been calculated. The same method has also been used for the calculation of hysteresis loops across first-order phase transitions in these systems. The hysteresis loop sizes and shapes have been deduced as a function of magnetic field, temperature, and number of Potts states q. The uneven appearance of asymmetry in the hysteresis loop branches has been noted. The method can be extended to criticality and phase transitions in metastable phases, such as in surface-adsorbed systems and water.
Merged Potts-Clock Model: Algebraic and Conventional Multistructured Multicritical Orderings in Two and Three Dimensions
(Amer Physical Soc, 2023) Artun, E. Can; Berker, A. Nihat
A spin system is studied with simultaneous permutation-symmetric Potts and spin-rotation-symmetric clock interactions in spatial dimensions d = 2 and 3. The global phase diagram is calculated from the renormalization-group solution with the recently improved (spontaneous first-order detecting) Migdal-Kadanoff approximation or, equivalently, with hierarchical lattices with the inclusion of effective vacancies. Five different ordered phases are found: Conventionally ordered ferromagnetic, quadrupolar, antiferromagnetic phases and algebraically ordered antiferromagnetic, antiquadrupolar phases. These five different ordered phases and the disordered phase are mutually bounded by first-and second-order phase transitions, themselves delimited by multicritical points: Inverted bicritical, zero-temperature bicritical, tricritical, second-order bifurcation, and zero-temperature highly degenerate multicritical points. One rich phase diagram topology exhibits all of these phenomena.
Citation - WoS: 14
Citation - Scopus: 14
Lower Lower-Critical Spin-Glass Dimension From Quenched Mixed-Spatial Spin Glasses
(Amer Physical Soc., 2018) Atalay, Bora; Berker, A. Nihat
By quenched-randomly mixing local units of different spatial dimensionalities we have studied Ising spin-glass systems on hierarchical lattices continuously in dimensionalities 1 <= d <= 3. The global phase diagram in temperature antiferromagnetic bond concentration and spatial dimensionality is calculated. We find that as dimension is lowered the spin-glass phase disappears to zero temperature at the lower-critical dimension d(c) = 2.431. Our system being a physically realizable system this sets an upper limit to the lower-critical dimension in general for the Ising spin-glass phase. As dimension is lowered towards d(c) the spin-glass critical temperature continuously goes to zero but the spin-glass chaos fully subsists to the brink of the disappearance of the spin-glass phase. The Lyapunov exponent measuring the strength of chaos is thus largely unaffected by the approach to d and shows a discontinuity to zero at d(c.)