Browsing by Author "Karakoc, Ulas"

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Macroeconomics of Greening Turkish Agriculture: A General Equilibrium Analysis of Input Rationalization Policies
(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2026) Yeldan, A. Erinc; Karakoc, Ulas
With the aid of an applied general equilibrium model, we study the macroeconomic effects of various policy alternatives to stimulate the implications of the greening of Turkish agriculture. Our results suggest that the reduction in chemicals, including synthetic fertilizers, and fossil oil combustion at alternative rates of 30% and 50% would significantly reduce carbon emissions, but at the expense of adverse effects on agricultural output. In response, the negative effects on agricultural output can be reversed by a targeted investment programme that could facilitate technological change and a commensurate rationalization of the rural economy, resulting in enhanced gains in agricultural productivity. We argue that the warranted funds towards such productivity-enhancing investments can be earmarked by the introduction of a nationwide carbon tax, and that they would boost not only agricultural output and rural incomes but could also mitigate the adverse transition costs on GDP and social welfare.
Citation - Scopus: 1
A Reassessment of Industrial Growth in Interwar Turkey Through First-Generation Sectoral Estimates
(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2023) Karakoc, Ulas
This study presents the first sectorally disaggregated estimates of the industrial output growth for Turkey between World War I and II. These estimates indicate that at the aggregate level the existing official index overestimates the output growth. Secondly, the sectoral disaggregation shows that the industrial growth was balanced, as both textiles and food-processing branches, which comprised most of the value-added, grew significantly. Local industries expanded against the only modest gains in per capita consumption of manufactured goods and incomes. Output growth was positively correlated with higher initial import penetration and nominal protection rates, which implies that trade protectionism helped favorable relative prices induce domestic expansion. On the other hand, both import-competing and domestic-market-oriented sectors significantly expanded, which suggests that import repression and increasing domestic demand drove industrial growth.
Citation - WoS: 15
Citation - Scopus: 16
Regional Inequalities and the West-East Divide in Turkey Since 1913
(Wiley, 2023) Asik, Gunes; Karakoc, Ulas; Pamuk, Sevket
This paper examines the evolution of regional disparities within the present-day borders of Turkey since 1913. Based on our estimates for 58 provinces, we find beta-convergence, an inverse U, and more recently, the beginnings of an N-shaped pattern for value added per capita. We also find that regional disparities in Turkey exhibit a number of special features that do not easily fit the well-studied pattern of the early industrializers. First, while per capita value added in other regions moved towards country averages, the differences between the East and the rest of the country persisted and even increased until recently. Second, spatial distribution of economic activity became more concentrated over time due to continued migration to the megacity of Istanbul. Third, we find that regional disparities in per capita value added in Turkey and other developing countries have been higher than those experienced by the early industrializers. These findings raise questions about the extent to which the regional disparities experiences of Turkey and other developing countries have been different than those of the early industrializers.