Uluslararası İlişkiler Bölümü Koleksiyonu

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://gcris.khas.edu.tr/handle/20.500.12469/58

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Browsing Uluslararası İlişkiler Bölümü Koleksiyonu by Department "Fakülteler, Mühendislik ve Doğa Bilimleri Fakültesi, Enerji Sistemleri Mühendisliği Bölümü"

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    Book Part
    Citation Count: 2
    Geopolitics and gas-transit security through pipelines
    (Springer International Publishing, 2020) Aydın, Mustafa; Bowlus, John V.; Aydın, Mustafa
    Hydrocarbons are valuable only if they can be transited from where they are produced to where they are consumed. Despite the enduring importance of transit to the global energy system, the topic did not begin to be extensively analyzed until contentious relations between Russia and Ukraine disrupted natural gas flows to Europe in 2006. This chapter examines the geopolitics and security of transiting gas through pipelines by exploring the connection between geography, global energy strategies, and natural gas markets. Gas has grown in recent years as a percentage of global energy consumption and is helping the world transition to a cleaner energy regime. At the same time, it is intensifying the contest for and control of gas-transit routes. Russia, the world’s second-largest producer, has built new pipelines to Europe since 2006 in order to diversify its flow from relying on Ukraine, while the USA, the world’s largest gas producer, is increasingly exporting liquefied natural gas (LNG) through sea routes mostly controlled by the US navy. We argue that geostrategic calculations will more profoundly affect gas transit in the future and that countries that rely solely on market or commercial factors for their gas-transit security will become increasingly vulnerable to geopolitical volatility.
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    Article
    Citation Count: 7
    The great game in the Levant: energy geopolitics in the Eastern Mediterranean [Levant’ta büyük oyun: Doğu Akdeniz’in enerji jeopolitiği]
    (Uluslararası İlişkiler Konseyi Derneği, 2012) Ediger, Volkan S.; Devlen, Balkan; McDonald, Deniz Bingöl
    This study explores the historical evolution of the Levant region from the trade system to hydrocarbon geopolitics by using a longue duree approach one which evaluates the region's present situation in light of developments in oil and natural gas exploration production and export. The concepts of great power politics and balance of power frame the investigation of permanent and changing dimensions of hydrocarbon geopolitics. The first of the two hypotheses tested and verified in this study is that the geopolitics of the Levant maintains its historical importance for the global hegemon and for the international state system even though the central thrust of the Levant's geopolitics has been tranformed from trade to energy. The second hypothesis is that regional and global peace and stability increase when the geopolitics of the Levant is in the control of a hegemon. Instances of conflict increase and opportunities for cooperation decrease when the Levant's geopolitics slips from the grasp of a single hegemon as a result of shifts in the balance of power. Following a discussion of threats and opportunities for conflict and cooperation in the Levant region possible strategies for the regional actors are evaluated. Lastly the threats and opportunities that Turkey faces are situated within emergent trends in the energy geopolitics of the region.
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    Article
    Citation Count: 0
    Levant’ta büyük oyun: Doğu Akdeniz’in enerji jeopolitiği
    (Uluslararası İlişkiler Konseyi Derneği İktisadi İşletmesi, 2012) Ediger, Volkan S.
    Levant Bölgesi’ndeki ticaret sisteminden başlayarak bölgenin hidrokarbon jeopolitiğine geçiş sürecine kadar uzanan tarihsel gelişimin uzun erimli (longue dureé) bakış açısıyla incelendiği bu çalışmada, bölgenin günümüzdeki durumu, petrol ve doğal gazın arama, üretim ve ihracı konusunda özellikle 2000’li yıllardan bu yana yaşanan gelişmelerle değerlendirilmiştir. Bölgenin hidrokarbon jeopolitiğindeki çatışma ve iş birliğinin sabit ve değişen boyutlarına, uluslararası ilişkilerin güç politikaları ve güçler dengesi gibi kavramları çerçevesinde özel bir yer verilmiştir. Bu çalışma sonunda test edilerek doğrulanan iki temel hipotezden bir tanesi, zaman içinde ticaretten enerjiye evrimleşen Levant jeopolitiğinin, küresel başat güç ve uluslararası devletler sistemindeki güç dengeleri için önemini uzun tarihi boyunca koruduğudur. Buna bağlı olarak geliştirilen ikinci hipotez de, Levant jeopolitiğinin kontrolünün başat gücün elinde olduğu zamanlarda bölgesel ve küresel çaptaki barış ve istikrarın arttığıdır. Güç dengelerindeki kaymalardan ötürü Levant’taki jeopolitik kontrol tek bir gücün elinden çıkmaya başladığı zamanlarda çatışmalar artmakta, iş birlikleri azalmaktadır. Doğu Akdeniz’in enerji konusunda günümüzde karşı karşıya kaldığı tehdit ve fırsatların incelenmesinin ardından bölgedeki çatışma ve iş birliği olanakları konusunda çıkarımlar yapılarak, bölgesel aktörlerin temel stratejileri değerlendirilmiştir. Levant’ta öne çıkan yeni enerji jeopolitiğinin bölgenin önemli bir gücü olan Türkiye için oluşturacağı tehdit ve fırsatlar tartışılmıştır.
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    Article
    Citation Count: 0
    The Only Thing We Have to Fear: Post 9/11 Institutionalization of In-security [Korkmamız gereken tek şey: 11 Eylül sonrasında güvensizliğin kurumsallaşması]
    (Uluslararası İlişkiler Konseyi Derneği, 2012) Çelikpala, Mitat; Öztürk, Duygu
    During the last decade billions of dollars have been spent to increase security measures in the United States. New institutions including a department for homeland security have been established new security tools have been developed and surveillance of Americans has been increased. However despite the creation of 'safety zones' neither the level of the Americans' feeling of security from further terrorist attacks nor their confidence in the ability of US governments to prevent attacks has seen an increase. According to Beck who introduced the concepts of 'world risk society' and 'reflexive modernity' terrorism is one of the products of reflexive modernity which cannot be addressed by traditional security measures. Within this framework this paper analyzes the case of the Americans since 9/11 attacks. In this vein it is argued that the gap which has arisen as a result of addressing non-territory and non-state-based terrorism through state-based security measures has caused a continuation of a high level of insecurity fear and anxiety among the Americans. Public opinion surveys conducted in the United States since the 9/11 attacks by various institutions are used to analyze Americans' thoughts about security and the terror risk in the United States.