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Citation Count: 0
2000’li Yıllarda Yapısal Dönüşüm ve Emeğin Durumu
(DİSK Birleşik Metal-İş, 2019) Orhangazi, Özgür
Türkiye ekonomisi 2000’li yıllarda büyük bir yapısal dönüşüm yaşamış ve tarımın milli gelir ve istihdam içerisindeki payı hızlı bir biçimde düşmüştür. Bu süreçte proleterleşme artmış ve Türkiye giderek daha fazla bir ‘ücretliler toplumu’ haline gelmiştir. Ne var ki ekonominin ve özellikle sanayi sektörünün istihdam yaratma kapasitesi görece düşük kalmıştır. Bunun sonucu yüksek işsizlik oranları ve düşük işgücüne katılma oranları olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Dış sermaye girişlerine bağımlı, borç artışına dayanan, inşaat odaklı bir büyüme modelinin hakim olduğu ve uygun istihdam ve sanayi politikalarının geliştiril(e)mediği bu dönemde istihdam ağırlıklı olarak üretkenliği düşük hizmetler sektöründe yoğunlaşmıştır. İşgücü piyasalarının temel özellikleri olarak işsizlik oranlarının yüksek olması, yedek işgücü ordusunun genişliği ile sendikalaşma ve toplu iş sözleşmesi oranlarının oldukça düşük olması öne çıkmıştır. Aynı zamanda işgücü piyasaları giderek güvencesizleştirilerek taşeronlaşma ve esnek istihdam biçimleri yaygınlaştırılmaya çalışmıştır. Bu dönemde yine de reel ücretlerde belirli bir yükselme gözlemlense de bu, verimlik artışının ve dolayısıyla GSYH artışının gerisinde kalmıştır.
Citation Count: 3
An Applied Analysis for whether the Relation between Innovation and Foreign Direct Investment is Vicious for Turkey after the early 1980s
(Elsevier Science Bv, 2016) Doruk, Ömer Tuğsal
The relation between innovation and foreign direct investment (FDI) is investigated in this paper by using time series Vector Autoregression (VAR) method. The main research question of the paper is whether FDI contributes on development of innovation in Turkey or vice versa. In Turkey after the structural transformations in Turkish economy export led growth is taken as vein that feeds to the economic development and thus importance of foreign direct investments have been increasing in the post-1980 period. The obtained findings show that FDI has not been contributing to innovation
Citation Count: 52
Assessing the importance of international tourism for the Turkish economy: a social accounting matrix analysis
(Elsevier Science, 2012) Akkemik, K. Ali; Akkemik, K. Ali
The international tourism sector has grown rapidly in Turkey since the 1980s and Turkey ranks among the top ten countries in terms of tourist arrivals and receipts. Previous studies on international tourism in Turkey are partial equilibrium studies which emphasized the importance of the sector for foreign exchange earnings employment creation and economic growth. The social accounting matrix (SAM) modeling approach is superior to partial equilibrium analysis as it takes into account intersectoral linkages. This paper analyzes the contribution of international tourism to the Turkish economy using two SAMs for 1996 and 2002 respectively. Two analyses are conducted using the SAM impact model: (i) sectoral comparison of GDP elasticities and (ii) SAM impact analysis of international tourism on output value-added and employment. The results show that the GDP elasticity of international tourism is relatively low and the impact of foreign tourist expenditures on domestic production value-added (GDP) and employment in Turkey are modest. The results imply the possibility of leakage of foreign tourist expenditures out of the economy. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Citation Count: 0
Back to Full Employment
(Routledge Journals Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2013) Orhangazi, Özgür
[Abstract Not Available]
Citation Count: 1
Bankaların operasyonel risk yönetimi olgunluk seviyelerinin oryos endeksi ile ölçülmesi ve Basel II kriterlerine göre sermaye yeterlilik oranının hesaplanmasında bir değişken olarak kullanılması
(Marmara Üniversitesi, Sos. Bil. Enst., 2012) Aykın, Hasan
Bu çalışmada, finansal kurumlarca önemi son yıllarda daha iyi anlaşılan ve gittikçe daha da artan operasyonel riskin yönetimi ele alınmış olup, sayısallaştırılması diğer riskler gibi kolay olmayan bu riskler için olgunluk modeli kullanılarak bankalar için “Operasyonel Risk Yönetimi Olgunluk Seviyesi” (ORYOS) endeksi hesaplanmıştır. Çalışmanın amacı iki noktada toplanmaktadır; bunlardan ilki, hesaplanan bu endeksle bankaların hem kendi hem de sektördeki seviyelerini daha iyi görebilmeleri, eksik noktalarını tespit edip kendilerine hedefler belirleyebilmeleridir. İkinci amaç ise bu endekse bağlı olarak belirlenecek “ORYOS Sermaye Yükümlülük Çarpanı” ile bankaların sermaye yeterlilik standart oranının hesabında bir düzeltme katsayısı olarak bankanın operasyonel risk yönetimi olgunluk seviyesinin dikkate alınmasını sağlayarak temel gösterge, standart yaklaşım ve alternatif standart yaklaşım kullanılarak yapılan sermaye yeterlilik hesabında daha gerçekçi bir ölçüm ortaya koymaktır.
Citation Count: 2
Bargaining with nonanonymous disagreement: Decomposable rules
(Elsevier Science Bv, 2011) Kıbrıs, Özgür; Tapkı, İpek Gürsel
We analyze bargaining situations where the agents' payoffs from disagreement depend on who among them breaks down the negotiations. We model such problems as a superset of the standard domain of Nash (1950). We first show that this domain extension creates a very large number of new rules. In particular, decomposable rules (which are extensions of rules from the Nash domain) constitute a nowhere dense subset of all possible rules. For them, we analyze the process through which "good" properties of rules on the Nash domain extend to ours. We then enquire whether the counterparts of some well-known results on the Nash (1950) domain continue to hold for decomposable rules on our extended domain. We first show that an extension of the Kalai-Smorodinsky bargaining rule uniquely satisfies the Kalai and Smorodinsky (1975) properties. This uniqueness result, however, turns out to be an exception. We characterize the uncountably large classes of decomposable rules that survive the Nash (1950), Kalai (1977), and Thomson (1981) properties. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Citation Count: 6
Between anchors and aspirations: a new family of bargaining solutions
(Springer, 2019) Keskin, Kerim; Keskin, Kerim; Özcan-Tok, Elif
We study the salience and power of reference points in determining the effective anchors and aspirations in bargaining problems. Along this line we enrich the analysis of the standard bargaining model with two new parameters: the first parameter can be interpreted as the effectiveness (or salience) of the reference point in determining the anchor whereas the second parameter can be interpreted as its effectiveness in shaping agents' aspirations. Utilizing these parameters we provide a unifying framework for the study of bargaining problems with a reference point. The two-parameter family of bargaining solutions we obtain encompasses some well-known solutions as special cases. We offer multiple characterizations for each individual member of this family as well as two characterizations for the whole solution family in bilateral bargaining problems.
Citation Count: 6
Can law impose competition? A critical discussion and evidence from the Turkish electricity generation market
(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2014) Oğuz, Fuat; Akkemik, K. Ali; Göksal, Koray
Electricity markets have undergone regulatory reforms since the early 1980s around the world. Technical analyses of these reforms usually pay lip service to the influence of politics over regulatory processes. Existing studies examine certain aspects of the market such as demand pricing and efficiency and they touch upon political issues only passingly when economic models cannot provide sufficient explanation This approach problematically takes politics as an ad hoc variable. This study shows that electricity is intrinsically a 'political good' and argues that any meaningful reform effort should take institutions as the starting point rather than a residual. The argument that politics has to be an endogenous variable in any model aspiring to explain behavior in electricity markets is demonstrated in the paper. The evidence for the political good character of electricity is found by examining the Turkish regulatory reform for Which it is argued that there is not a satisfactory relationship between expected and realized gains. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Citation Count: 13
Capital Flows and Credit Expansions in Turkey
(Sage Publications Inc, 2014) Orhangazi, Özgür
Literature on capital flows identifies various channels through which capital inflows could create financial fragility and economic instability in developing and emerging economies. Domestic credit expansion is one such channel. Capital inflows can lead to rapid expansion of domestic credit even create credit bubbles and thus result in an increased fragility of the economy. I analyze the link between private capital inflows and bank credit to the private sector in the case of Turkey between 2003 and 2013 and ask whether surges in private capital inflows accelerate growth of credit. I employ a logit model to investigate the link between capital inflows and periods of rapid credit expansion. The findings suggest that net private capital inflows after controlling for other determinants of credit are positively correlated with periods of rapid credit expansion.
Citation Count: 7
Capitalism Crisis and Class: The United States Economy after the 2008 Financial Crisis
(Sage Publications Inc, 2014) Orhangazi, Özgür; Orhangazi, Özgür
The literature on the outcomes of the financial crisis in low- and middle-income countries in the post-1980 era presents three broad findings: first the burden of crises falls disproportionately on labor in general and low-income segments of the society in particular. Wages and the labor share of income fall unemployment increases the power of labor declines and income inequality and poverty increase. Capital on the other hand recovers quickly and gains more ground. Second government policies favor capital especially financial capital at the expense of the larger public. Crises also present opportunities for further deregulation and liberalization in financial markets and the rest of the economy. Third following financial crises foreign capital inflows may increase as international capital seeks to take advantage of the crisis and acquire assets at fire-sale prices. The 2008 U.S. financial crisis provides an opportunity to extend this analysis to a leading high-income country. By examining the experience of the United States after the financial crisis in terms of the questions and issues typically raised in examinations of low- and middle-income countries this paper makes an original contribution while at the same time contributing to the gradually emerging literature on the consequences of the U.S. financial crisis. We first look at the distributional effects of the financial crisis and compare this with the impacts of the crisis on capital. Then we investigate the changes in income shares of labor and capital before shifting our attention to changes in inequality and poverty. Next we focus on the role of government policies through an analysis of government taxation and spending policies. Finally we examine the changes in capital inflows before concluding with a discussion of our overall findings and further research areas.
Citation Count: 11
Competition and monopoly in the U.S. economy: What do the industrial concentration data show?
(Sage Publications, 2021) Orhangazi, Özgür; Orhangazi, Özgür
A recent series of academic studies, think-tank reports, and news articles shows widespread attention to rising industrial concentration and market power in the U.S. economy. In this paper, we focus on concentration in the U.S. nonfinancial corporate sector to make three contributions to the literature. First, we use examples from the debate on industrial concentration to show that there are often-divergent predictions in the theoretical literature surrounding the expected consequences of concentration and monopolization for nonfinancial firms. Second, we use industry-level concentration data to describe recent trends in average concentration. We show that, while concentration increases across the majority of industries after the late 1990s, the retail and information-services sectors are particularly key for understanding recent trends in average industrial concentration. Third, we link our industry-level analysis with firm-level data to describe the relationship between industrial concentration and nonfinancial corporations' profitability, markups, and investment. Consistent with the ambiguities in the theoretical literature, we find that these relationships are not uniform: while some highly concentrated industries confirm standard expectations with high markups, high profitability, and low investment rates, other highly concentrated industries earn lower-than-average markups and profits, suggesting that - in some industries - increased concentration and intensified competition may go hand in hand.
Citation Count: 0
COMPETITION IN BANKING SECTOR
(Güven Plus Grup Danışmanlık A.Ş., 2012) Ekmekçioğlu, Safiye; Korkmaz, Murat; Ceylan, Nesrin; Yahyaoğlu, Güran; Günsel, İrfan
[Abstract Not Available]
Citation Count: 0
A comprehensive analysis of managers working in the Turkish tourism sector
(Cahit AYDEMİR, 2010) Keskin, Ayşe İrem; Güler, Fazıl; Ceylan, Cengiz; Kızıl, Cevdet; Keskin, Ayşe İrem; Buget, Püren
The primary objective of this paper is to determine whether the present managers of Turkish tourism sector perform their jobs in accordance with their qualifications. For this purpose, questionnaires were distributed to managers and responses were evaluated. The secondary purpose of this study is to identify if employees in tourism industry has the required qualifications. Also, if the sector has low efficiency, reasons are investigated. This study uses the survey method. Questionnaires were distributed to 222 managers in the tourism sector, who mainly work in Istanbul and Izmir. 183 managers in accommodation enterprises, 22 managers in travel agencies and 17 managers in food and beverage companies were interviewed face-to-face and questionnaire forms were filled. The survey includes 52 questions that collect information about managers and their organizations. The questionnaires should also test if the managers are in a fitting position and they use their authority properly.
Citation Count: 3
Contours of Alternative Policy Making in Venezuela
(Sage Publications Inc, 2014) Orhangazi, Özgür
The economic policies of the Venezuelan government in the last decade represent a significant departure from neoliberal orthodoxy. This departure consists of a focus on greater national autonomy, a return to some of the macroeconomic policies of earlier eras, and increased state involvement in the economy through interventions and social programs. While these policies have resulted in improved social indicators, they also have provided space for a set of "transformative" initiatives, including experiments with worker co-management, cooperatives, and participatory planning, all of which seek alternatives to the capitalist organization of the economy. Although the Venezuelan experience could be considered sui generis, especially with the economy's dependence on oil, a critical evaluation of the policies implemented in Venezuela would contribute to discussions on the alternatives to both neoliberal policies and capitalism in general. This paper provides an analysis of the break with neoliberal economic policies and of the transformative initiatives, as well as an evaluation of their achievements together with a discussion on their likely future path.
Citation Count: 1
Contradictions of capital accumulation in the age of financialization
(Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd, 2016) Orhangazi, Özgür
[Abstract Not Available]
Citation Count: 0
Converse Tournaments
(Ege Univ Fac Economics & Admin Sciences, 2019) Keskin, Kerim
This paper proposes two alternatives to Clark and Riis (1998b)'s sequential model of nested multiple-prize contests. First we consider winning prizes endogenously determined by exerted contest efforts. Second we extend the model to infinitehorizon. We characterize the unique subgame perfect Nash equilibrium in both models and compare the equilibrium strategies with those in the original model.
Citation Count: 7
Cumulative prospect theory preferences in rent-seeking contests
(Elsevier Science, 2018) Keskin, Kerim
We investigate the equilibrium behavior for agents with cumulative prospect theory preferences in rent-seeking contests. Characterizing the equilibrium effort levels we present results on the existence of equilibrium and total rent dissipation. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Citation Count: 17
Declining Poverty and Inequality in Turkey: The Effect of Social Assistance and Home Ownership
(Routledge Journals Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2018) Tekgüç, Hasan
Social assistance has become prominent in combating poverty in developing countries and has also contributed to the popularity and election success of governments implementing it. In this paper I employ household surveys and investigate the effect of social assistance on poverty and income inequality in Turkey. I also review the recent literature on poverty as well as different components of social protection spending: education health pensions and housing. In the empirical analysis I show that pensions still constitute the bulk of public transfers to households. Moreover home ownership ameliorates poverty and inequality for Turkey. Despite its modest amounts social assistance reduces poverty and its marginal effect on income inequality is larger than other income sources. These findings suggest that increases in social assistance budgets should accompany other policy measures in combating poverty and inequality.
Citation Count: 1
Dependence on imported inputs and implications for technology transfer in Turkey
(Springer New York, 2012) Akkemik, K. Ali
Trade and macroeconomic policies in Turkey evolved from import substitution to export promotion and liberalization of commodity and capital markets after 1980. During the 1980s and 1990s Turkey’s exports and imports and their shares in GDP demonstrated an increasing trend. The share of exports in GDP increased from 4.2% in 1980 to 20.3% in 2005 and that of imports rose from 11.4 to 32.2%. Import liberalization was accomplished during the second half of the 1990s and at around the same time direct price support for exports was abolished. © Springer Science+Business Media LLC 2012. All rights reserved.
Citation Count: 13
Detecting structural changes using wavelets
(Academic Press Inc Elsevier Science, 2015) Yazgan, M. Ege; Ozkan, Harun
We propose a powerful wavelet method to identify structural breaks in the mean of a process. If there is a structural change in the mean the sum of the squared scaling coefficients absorbs more variation leading to unequal weights for the variances of the wavelet and scaling coefficients. We use this feature of wavelets to design a statistical test for changes in the mean of an independently distributed process. We establish the limiting null distribution of our test and demonstrate that our test has good empirical size and substantive power relative to the existing alternatives especially for multiple breaks. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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