Enerji Sistemleri Mühendisliği Bölümü Koleksiyonu
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Article Citation Count: 4An assessment of mining efficiency in Turkish lignite industry(Elsevier Science, 2015) Ediger, Volkan S.; Berk, Istemi; Ersoy, MucellaThis article focuses on the mining activities of Turkish Coal Enterprises (TKI) the major lignite supplier in Turkey. First we analyzed the lignite production and overburden removal activities of TKI from a historical perspective and then employed the Principle Component Analysis to build a mining efficiency index of TKI and investigated its historical development since the establishment of the company. We found that labor productivity and operational structure have been the most important factors positively affecting the index. The current article makes two important contributions: (1) by using the most comprehensive data set available on TKI for the first time and (2) by developing a Mining Efficiency Index (MEI) which can be used to analyze productivity in lignite mining activities in different countries. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Article Citation Count: 4A crude marriage: Iraq Turkey and the Kirkuk-Ceyhan oil pipeline(Routledge Journals Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2017) Bowlus, John V.Since the discovery of oil at Kirkuk in northern Iraq oil has shaped relations between Iraq and Turkey as the former needed markets and export routes to the Mediterranean and the latter reliable sources of supply. This article examines the origins of the Kirkuk-Ceyhan oil pipeline from northern Iraq to the Turkish Mediterranean coast charting the period of Iraqi-Turkish economic rapprochement in the 1960s to the construction of the pipeline in the 1970s. It also seeks to add to our collective understanding of why transnational oil pipelines in the Middle East succeed or fail by examining the pipeline's operational record.Article Citation Count: 14A Farewell to King Coal: Geopolitics, Energy Security, and the Transition to Oil, 1898–1917(Cambridge Univ Press, 2019) Ediger, Volkan S.; Bowlus, John V.Interest in energy transitions has accelerated in recent years due to rising concerns about global warming and resource scarcity but the drivers of these phenomena are not well understood. To date scholars have primarily focused on commercial and technological factors highlighting that oil was 'better' than coal - more powerful cheaper cleaner and more practical to use - and that the internal combustion engine made it more advantageous to use in transportation. Yet oil was also a strategic commodity that powerful states sought to acquire for military reasons. This article contends that geopolitics military decision-making and energy security hastened the transition from oil to coal prior to the First World War. It argues that Britain Germany and the United States sought to transition their naval fleets from coal to oil to gain a military advantage at sea which created for the first time the problem of oil-supply security. Through government-led initiatives to address oil-supply security vast new supplies of oil came online and prices fell the ideal environment for oil to eclipse coal as the dominant source in the global energy system.Article Citation Count: 11Forecasting the Coal Production: Hubbert Curve Application on Turkey's Lignite Fields(Elsevier Science, 2016) Berk, Istemi; Ediger, Volkan S.The dependence on imported energy sources is one of the biggest challenges that Turkey and many other similar countries face in the 21st Century and the gap between production and consumption cannot be decreased without increasing the domestic production. Forecasting of domestic energy production therefore plays a vital role in order to be able to develop sound energy policies towards maintaining sustainable development. However although this question is essential in this respect especially for import dependent countries the previous literature is surprisingly scarce. This paper therefore will be important for future studies on estimation of energy production. We first analyzed lignite production of Turkish Coal Enterprises (TKI) from a historical perspective and then forecasted the future production by using the Hubbert curve depletion rate and decline curve methodologies. We concluded that the largest fields are about to enter a declining phase of production in upcoming years and most of the reserves will remain untapped if business-as-usual continues in the future. The methodology and interpretations may be used by other developing countries which deeply suffer from energy import dependency.Article Citation Count: 9Greasing the wheels: the Berlin-Baghdad railway and Ottoman oil, 1888?1907(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2020) Ediger, Volkan S.; Bowlus, John V.In the 1880s, Germany cultivated an alliance with the Ottoman Empire that led to a concession to build one of history?s most storied, diplomatically contentious, and financially challenging infrastructure projects: the Berlin-Baghdad Railroad. While Germany had many goals in pursuing the project, oil was the only way to make the railroad economic. Drawing on Ottoman archival sources, this article examines the policies and strategies of Sultan Abd?lhamid II in relation to Germany?s attempt to develop Mesopotamian oil from German Emperor Wilhelm II?s visit to Istanbul in 1889 to the conclusion of Germany?s oil concession in 1906/7. It argues that Hamid pursued a pragmatic policy to develop and protect Ottoman oil from being dominated by the powers, especially the British Empire, and, in the process, seeks to reorient our understanding of great power interest in Middle East oil.Article Citation Count: 15A historical assessment of Turkey's natural gas import vulnerability(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2018) Berk, Istemi; Ediger, Volkan S.; Ediger, Volkan S.This article aims at evaluating the historical determinants and implications of Turkey's natural gas import dependency. We implement principle component analysis (PCA) methodology to construct a natural gas import vulnerability index (NGIVI) for the period between 1986 and 2014 using five factors: (1) the share of natural gas in primary energy consumption (2) the share of natural gas in primary energy imports (3) the non-diversification of natural gas import sources (4) the share of LNG in total natural gas imports and (5) natural gas import prices. Results reveal that the first two factors have always dominated the NGIVI while the others were consequential but different times. Turkey's NOM increased until 2008 when it peaked and remained relatively flat since then indicating neither an improvement nor a worsening in its vulnerability. We also compared the NGIVI with the oil import vulnerability index (OIVI) of Turkey constructed in 2011 by the authors. Although there has been a remarkable decline in the OIVI since the mid-1980s the NGIVI has remained high until the present day. This result could be attributed to Turkey's different historical experience in importing oil and natural gas. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Article Citation Count: 30Lignite resources of Turkey: Geology reserves and exploration history(Elsevier Science, 2014) Ediger, Volkan S.; Berk, Istemi; Kosebalaban, AyhanThis article aims to emphasize the importance of lignite which is the mostly used domestic energy source in the Turkish energy mix by briefly overviewing its geology reserves and exploration. Lignites are distributed in mostly continental sedimentary basins of Tertiary age all over the country. The lignite-bearing basins display the characteristics of different geological settings of which grabens and half-grabens are the most common ones especially in western Anatolia. The geological and chemical characteristics of Turkish lignites do not only create some important problems during mining and coal preparation but also make them unfavorable for consumption. However since they are the most valuable energy resource of the country they should benefit the economy in the most efficient and environmentally friendly way. Moreover two most important conclusions of this study are as follows: firstly reserve estimation practices in the country should definitely be revised to provide a more realistic evaluation of the country's lignite potential for developing medium- and long-term energy strategies and policies for decision- and policy-makers. Secondly exploration and development activities should be coordinated by a single institution most likely a government institution as has been the case for some 50 years. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Article Citation Count: 1Perception, petroleum, and power: Mythmaking in oil-scarce Turkey and Jordan(Elsevier, 2020) Selen, Eser; Selen, Eser; Bowlus, John V.Oil has been a cardinal driver of economic growth and national development in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. States that produce oil in globally exportable quantities tend to be more powerful than those that do not. Oil-scarce states in the Middle East that neighbor oil-rich states and rely on them for imports create myths to explain their relatively unfortunate geology. This study illustrates and analyzes the myths that people in Turkey and Jordan have created to explain why they lack oil. In the process, it also explains the attitudes, beliefs, and social norms within these countries regarding oil. In both Turkey and Jordan, public understanding of why the country lacks oil forms a tautology about the relationship between oil and the nation's wealth and development, as well as its political, economic, and military power.
