Topkapı Sarayı kurşunluk yapısı malzemelerinin karakterizasyonu ve koruma önerileri
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Date
2018
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Kadir Has Üniversitesi
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Abstract
Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’na uzun yıllar yaşam ve yönetim merkezliği yapmış olan Topkapı Sarayı, başkent İstanbul’un önemli yapılarından bir tanesidir. Topkapı Sarayı, inşasından terk edildiği döneme kadar ihtiyaçlara binaen sürekli büyüme ve gelişme gösteren büyük ve kapsamlı bir komplekstir. İşlevsel anlamda da çeşitli roller üstlenen Topkapı Sarayı, padişah ve ailesinin ikametgahı iken devletin yönetim ve idare merkezi konumundadır. Topkapı Sarayı yapılarından biri olan Kurşunluk Yapısı, sarayın ihtiyaçları doğrultusunda hizmet veren Matbah-ı Amire (mutfaklar II. avlu) binalarının devamı niteliğinde I. Avlu sınırlarında bulunan Dolap Ocağı’na komşu durumda ve sarayın kalay, kurşun ve lehim işlerinin icra edildiği bir dökümhane fonksiyonuna sahiptir. Bu bağlamda Kurşunluk yapısının mutfaklara olan yakınlığı dikkate alındığında mutfak araç gereçlerinin kalaylanmasının burada yapılıyor olabileceği düşünülürken, saray restorasyonlarında ise deforme olan çatı örtüsünü oluşturan kurşun levhalarının sökülüp eritilerek burada tekrar döküldüğü bilinmektedir. Yapının geçirdiği onarımlar, malzeme özellikleri ve yapının bozulmasına etki eden faktörler ise malzeme ölçeğinde araştırılmıştır. Topkapı Sarayı Kurşunluk Yapısı’ndan alınmış olan harç, sıva, taş, ahşap, metal ve kir örnekleri laboratuvar ortamında incelemeye alınmış ve malzemelerin içeriklerini, niteliklerini ve bozulmuşluk durumlarını tespit etmek amacıyla analizler yapılmıştır. Yapılan analizler neticesinde yapıdaki harç ve sıva örneklerinin bağlayıcı – agrega oranları ve içerikleri tespit edilerek karşılaştırılmış, taş örneğinin türü ve yapıdaki dağılımı, ahşap örneğinin türü, metal örneklerinin türleri ve içeriği araştırılmış çıkan sonuçlar birbirleri ile karşılaştırılarak farklılıklar ve benzerlikler tespit edilmiştir. xiii Yapıdan alınan kir örnekleri ise yapı malzemelerinin bozulmasına etki eden bazı faktörlerin araştırılması amacıyla analiz edilmiş ve çıkan sonuçlar birbiriyle karşılaştırılmıştır. Yapı malzemelerinin özgünlüğü, onarımları, yapıya müdahaleler sonucunda giren malzemeler, bu malzemelerin etkileri ve yapının genel durumu değerlendirilmiş, restorasyon ve konservasyon çalışmalarında kullanılacak malzemelerin tespiti yapılarak yapının gelecek kuşaklara özgün karakteri ile aktarılmasına yönelik olarak önerilerde bulunulmuştur
The Topkapı Palace, which has been the center of life and administration for the Ottoman Empire for many years, is one of the significant buildings of the capital Istanbul. The Topkapı Palace is a enormous and comprehensive complex that has shown continuous growth and development by the virtue of needs until the period between its construction and abandoned. The Topkapı Palace, which has a variety of roles in the functional sense, is the seat of government and administration of the state while it is the residence of the Sultan and his family. The Lead Foundry Building, one of the structures of the Topkapı Palace, is adjacent to the Dolap Ocağı within the boundaries of Courtyard I, which is the continuation of Matbah-ı Amire (kitchens II courtyard) serving in line with the needs of the palace and has a foundry function in which palace tin, lead and solder works are performed. In this context, while it was thought that the tinning of the kitchen utensils could be done here due to the closeness of the lead foundry building to the kitchen, it is known that in the restorations of the palace, the lead plates forming the deformed roof cover are disassembled, melted and re-casted here. The repairs of the building, material properties and factors affecting the deterioration of the building were examined on the material scale. The samples of mortar, plaster, stone, wood, metal and pollution taken from the Topkapı Palace Lead Foundry Building were examined in laboratory environment and analyzes were made to determine the contents, properties and deterioration of the materials. As a result of the analyzes made, the binder - aggregate ratios and contents of the mortar and plaster samples of the structure were determined and compared and the type of stone sample and its distribution in the structure, the type of wood sample, the types and contents of metal samples were examined and the results were compared with each other and differences and similarities were determined. The pollution samples taken from the structure were analyzed in order to explore some factors affecting the deterioration of building materials and the results were compared with each other. The authenticity, repairs, materials entering the building as a result of the interventions, the effects of these materials and general status of the structure were assessed and the materials to be used in the restoration and conservation works have been determined and proposals have been made in order to transfer them to the next generation with its original character.
The Topkapı Palace, which has been the center of life and administration for the Ottoman Empire for many years, is one of the significant buildings of the capital Istanbul. The Topkapı Palace is a enormous and comprehensive complex that has shown continuous growth and development by the virtue of needs until the period between its construction and abandoned. The Topkapı Palace, which has a variety of roles in the functional sense, is the seat of government and administration of the state while it is the residence of the Sultan and his family. The Lead Foundry Building, one of the structures of the Topkapı Palace, is adjacent to the Dolap Ocağı within the boundaries of Courtyard I, which is the continuation of Matbah-ı Amire (kitchens II courtyard) serving in line with the needs of the palace and has a foundry function in which palace tin, lead and solder works are performed. In this context, while it was thought that the tinning of the kitchen utensils could be done here due to the closeness of the lead foundry building to the kitchen, it is known that in the restorations of the palace, the lead plates forming the deformed roof cover are disassembled, melted and re-casted here. The repairs of the building, material properties and factors affecting the deterioration of the building were examined on the material scale. The samples of mortar, plaster, stone, wood, metal and pollution taken from the Topkapı Palace Lead Foundry Building were examined in laboratory environment and analyzes were made to determine the contents, properties and deterioration of the materials. As a result of the analyzes made, the binder - aggregate ratios and contents of the mortar and plaster samples of the structure were determined and compared and the type of stone sample and its distribution in the structure, the type of wood sample, the types and contents of metal samples were examined and the results were compared with each other and differences and similarities were determined. The pollution samples taken from the structure were analyzed in order to explore some factors affecting the deterioration of building materials and the results were compared with each other. The authenticity, repairs, materials entering the building as a result of the interventions, the effects of these materials and general status of the structure were assessed and the materials to be used in the restoration and conservation works have been determined and proposals have been made in order to transfer them to the next generation with its original character.
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Keywords
Topkapi Sarayi, Topkapı Sarayı, Kurşunluk Yapısı, Malzeme analizi, Kurşun, Kalay, Konservasyon, Restorasyon, Topkapı Palace, Lead Foundry Building, Material analysis