Akıllı Sözleşmelerin Uyarlanması
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Date
2023
Authors
Tüfek, Aybüke Uzunpınar
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Open Access Color
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Abstract
Blockchain teknolojisine dayalı akıllı sözleşmeler, öncesinde kararlaştırılan durumlar meydana geldiğinde tetiklenen ve taraflarca yüklenilen edimleri otomatik olarak yerine getiren bilgisayar programlarıdır. Teknoloji ve hukukun bu denli iç içe geçmesi ile akıllı sözleşmelerin hayatımıza girmesi, sözleşme hukuku açısından bazı meydan okumaları da beraberinde getirmiştir. Akıllı sözleşmelerin özellikle 'otomatik ifa ve değişmezlik' özelliğinin, sözleşme kurulduktan sonra ortaya çıkan durum değişikliklerine karşı incelenmesi oldukça önemlidir. Çalışmamıza, değişmezlik özelliği ve getirebileceği ihtilafların anlaşılması için öncelikle blockchain teknolojisi ve akıllı sözleşmelerin teknik özellikleri ile başlanmıştır. Devamla, adeta bir mit haline getirilen değişmezlik özelliğinin aksine akıllı sözleşmelerde esneklik ihtiyacından bahsedilmiş ve 'code is law (kod kanundur)' prensibinin ahde vefa ilkesi karşısındaki durumu incelenmiştir. Akıllı sözleşmeler kurulduktan sonra meydana gelen bir durum değişikliği sonrası, akıllı sözleşmesinde buna karşı önlem almayan ve bu durumu hukuki ihtilaf haline getiren tarafın uyarlama talebinin, TBK m.138 şartları açısından ele alındığı kısım ise çalışmamızın adeta kalbini oluşturmaktadır. Son bölümde gelindiğinde, akıllı sözleşmelerin değişmezlik ve otomatik ifa özelliği karşısında, sözleşmenin değiştirilmesi yahut sona erdirilmesi için başvurulabilecek bir takım çözüm önerilerinden bahsedilerek, değerlendirmelerde bulunulmuştur. Anahtar Sözcükler: Blockchain, Akıllı Sözleşmeler, Değişmezlik, Uyarlanma, Sona Erme
Smart contracts that are based on blockchain technology are computer programs triggered when pre-agreed situations occur and automatically fulfill the obligations undertaken by the parties. The intertwining of technology and law and the introduction of smart contracts into our lives had brought various challenges in terms of contract law. It is essential to examine the 'automatic performance and immutability' feature of the smart contracts against the changes in status that occur after a contract is drawn. This study starts with the technical features of smart contracts and the blockchain technology to understand the immutability feature and any possible conflicts arising from this feature. In continuation, the need for flexibility in smart contracts has been explained contrary to the immutability feature, which almost has become a myth and the situation of the principle of 'code is law' against the principle of pacta sunt servanda has been evaluated. The section regarding the adaptation request which is applicable after a state change that occurs after the smart contract has been drawn which does not take precautions against this situation in smart contracts and turns this situation into a legal dispute being evaluated in terms of article 138 of the Turkish Code of Obligations is the essential argument point of this study. In the last section, various suggestions for solutions that are applicable to amendment or conclusion of the contracts against the immutability and automatic performance features of the smart contracts have been further subjected discussion and evaluation. Keywords: Blockchain, Smart Contracts, Immutability, Adaptation, Termination
Smart contracts that are based on blockchain technology are computer programs triggered when pre-agreed situations occur and automatically fulfill the obligations undertaken by the parties. The intertwining of technology and law and the introduction of smart contracts into our lives had brought various challenges in terms of contract law. It is essential to examine the 'automatic performance and immutability' feature of the smart contracts against the changes in status that occur after a contract is drawn. This study starts with the technical features of smart contracts and the blockchain technology to understand the immutability feature and any possible conflicts arising from this feature. In continuation, the need for flexibility in smart contracts has been explained contrary to the immutability feature, which almost has become a myth and the situation of the principle of 'code is law' against the principle of pacta sunt servanda has been evaluated. The section regarding the adaptation request which is applicable after a state change that occurs after the smart contract has been drawn which does not take precautions against this situation in smart contracts and turns this situation into a legal dispute being evaluated in terms of article 138 of the Turkish Code of Obligations is the essential argument point of this study. In the last section, various suggestions for solutions that are applicable to amendment or conclusion of the contracts against the immutability and automatic performance features of the smart contracts have been further subjected discussion and evaluation. Keywords: Blockchain, Smart Contracts, Immutability, Adaptation, Termination
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Hukuk, Law
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214