TÜRKÇE VE YUNANCA KAYNAKLARDA KARAKONCOLOS / KALİKANCAROS İNANCI
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Date
2018
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Geleneksel Yayıncılık Eğitim San. Tic. Ltd. Şti.
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Abstract
Karakoncolos/kalikancaros inancı Türkiye’de başta İç Anadolu ve Karadeniz bölgesi olmak üzere,
Yunanistan, Bulgaristan ve Sırbistan’a kadar Balkanlar’da geniş bir coğrafyada görülmektedir. Türkçede yapılan derlemelerde kimi zaman farklı isimlerle anılsa da karakoncolosun görüldüğü dönem
ve özellikleri benzerlik gösterir. Buna göre, yılın en soğuk günlerinde yeryüzüne çıktığına inanılan
karakoncolos, çoğu zaman tüylü, hayvana benzeyen, insanlara musallat olan ve onları tedirgin eden
bir yaratık olarak betimlenmektedir. Karakoncolos inancına yer veren Türkçedeki ilk yazılı kaynaklardan biri ise Evliya Çelebi’nin Seyahatnâmesi’dir. Bugün özellikle Doğu Karadeniz’de “karakoncilo”
gibi oyunlarda bir gelenek ya da Türkçe edebiyat ve sinemada nadiren de olsa bir imge olarak varlığını devam ettirse de çoğunluk tarafından unutulmuş hatta hiç bilinmeyen bir inanıştır. Öte yandan,
Yunancada çoğunlukla kalikancaros adıyla anılan bu inanışa dair anlatılar, oldukça erken bir tarihte
halk bilimci Nikolaos Politis tarafından derlenmiştir (1904). Bu çalışmada öncelikle söz konusu derlemede yer alan anlatılardan söz edilerek bu anlatıların bugünkü Yunanca çocuk edebiyatında Filippos Mandilaras tarafından yeniden yazımlarına değinilecektir. Bugünkü Yunanistan’da özellikle Noel
döneminde gerek okullardaki müzikli gösterilerle gerekse yayımlanan çocuk kitaplarının popüler bir
figürü olarak varlıklarını devam ettirdikleri ortaya konacaktır. Geniş bir coğrafyaya yayılmış olan bu
inancın Türkçe ve Yunanca kaynaklardaki aktarımlarına genel olarak bakıldığında incelenen Türkçe
kaynakların daha çok Doğu Karadeniz bölgesinden derlendiğini ve unutulmaya yüz tutmuş bir gelenek
olarak nadiren yaşatıldığını görebiliriz. Bugünkü Yunanistan’da ise Velloudios’un hâlâ dolaşımda olan
çizimlerinin de etkisiyle kalikancaros inancının çocuk edebiyatının “millî” ve popüler bir unsuru olarak
varlığını devam ettirdiği görülmektedir.
The belief in “karakoncolos / kalikancaros” is seen in a wide geography spreading from Central Anatolia and Black Sea region in Turkey to Balkan Peninsula including Greece, Bulgaria and Serbia. Though karakoncolos is defined under different names in Turkish sources, the period it is depicted and its features are almost similar. According to this, the karakoncolos, believed to have emerged on the coldest days of the year, is depicted as a creature that is often hairy, resembling animal, haunting people and disturbing them. One of the first written sources in Turkish that included the belief in karakoncolos is Evliya Çelebi’s Seyahatnâme. Today, it is rarely a tradition in games such as “karakoncilo” in the Eastern Black Sea, or a belief that has been almost forgotten or even unknown by the majority, even though it continues to exist as a trivial image in Turkish literature and cinema. On the other hand, this belief, often referred to as kalikancaros in Greek, was compiled by the folklorist Nikolaos Politis at an early date (1904). In this study, first of all, referring to the various beliefs concerning kalikancaros in the mentioned compilations of Politis, the rewritings of them in the present Greek children’s literature by Filippos Mandilaras will be introduced. In today’s Greece, it will be revealed that especially during the Christmas period, it continues to exist as a popular figure of the musical performances in schools and in children’s books. When we have a look at the Turkish and Greek compilations of this belief in general, which is spread over a wide geographical area, we can see that the reviewed Turkish sources are mostly collected from the Eastern Black Sea region and rarely lived as an almost forgotten tradition. Today in Greece, also due to the Velloudios’ paintings, which still circulate today, the mentioned belief continues to exist as a “national” and a popular element of the childrens’ literature.
The belief in “karakoncolos / kalikancaros” is seen in a wide geography spreading from Central Anatolia and Black Sea region in Turkey to Balkan Peninsula including Greece, Bulgaria and Serbia. Though karakoncolos is defined under different names in Turkish sources, the period it is depicted and its features are almost similar. According to this, the karakoncolos, believed to have emerged on the coldest days of the year, is depicted as a creature that is often hairy, resembling animal, haunting people and disturbing them. One of the first written sources in Turkish that included the belief in karakoncolos is Evliya Çelebi’s Seyahatnâme. Today, it is rarely a tradition in games such as “karakoncilo” in the Eastern Black Sea, or a belief that has been almost forgotten or even unknown by the majority, even though it continues to exist as a trivial image in Turkish literature and cinema. On the other hand, this belief, often referred to as kalikancaros in Greek, was compiled by the folklorist Nikolaos Politis at an early date (1904). In this study, first of all, referring to the various beliefs concerning kalikancaros in the mentioned compilations of Politis, the rewritings of them in the present Greek children’s literature by Filippos Mandilaras will be introduced. In today’s Greece, it will be revealed that especially during the Christmas period, it continues to exist as a popular figure of the musical performances in schools and in children’s books. When we have a look at the Turkish and Greek compilations of this belief in general, which is spread over a wide geographical area, we can see that the reviewed Turkish sources are mostly collected from the Eastern Black Sea region and rarely lived as an almost forgotten tradition. Today in Greece, also due to the Velloudios’ paintings, which still circulate today, the mentioned belief continues to exist as a “national” and a popular element of the childrens’ literature.
Description
Keywords
Koncolos, Karakoncolos, Kalikancaros, Türkçe kaynak, Yunanca kaynak, Turkish source, Greek source
Turkish CoHE Thesis Center URL
Fields of Science
Citation
WoS Q
N/A
Scopus Q
Q2
Source
Volume
15
Issue
120
Start Page
184
End Page
197