Hukuka Aykırı Arama İşlemi Neticesinde Elde Edilen Delillerin Ceza Muhakemesinde Kullanılması
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Date
2020
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Kadir Has Üniversitesi
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Abstract
Bu tez çalışmasında, maddi gerçeğin açığa çıkarılması saiki ile yürütülen ceza muhakemesinin; insan onurunun korunması, kolluğun disiplin altına alınması ve bireylerin temel hakları ile özgürlüklerinin güvencede tutulması noktasında hukuka aykırı bir şekilde icra edilen arama işlemi akabinde elde edilen hukuka aykırı delilleri hükme esas almamasını ve bu delillerin reddedilmesinin mutlak değerlendirme yasağına mı yoksa nispi değerlendirme yasağına mı tabi tutulduğunu tartışacağız. Amacımız; Türk ceza yargılaması neticesinde varılan kanaatlere dayalı kurulan hükümler ile uluslararası kararların kül halinde değerlendirilmesi sureti ile benzerlik gösteren ve farklılık ihtiva eden kararlarına dayalı bir incelemenin yapılması ve bu yol aracılığı ile ceza muhakemesi hukukumuzda esas olarak benimsenen yolu kanun koyucunun iradesi ile birlikte ortaya koymaktır. Bu nedenle eserimizin birinci bölümünde ceza muhakemesinde hukuka aykırı delillerin değerlendirilmesi konusu uluslararası hukuk normları ve Türk Hukuk sistemi bağlamında ele alınarak hukuka aykırı delillere Amerikan Hukukunun temelindeki ilkeler bazında yaklaşılmış olup ceza muhakemesinin soruşturma ve kovuşturma evrelerinde toplanan, muhafaza altına alınan delillerin sahip olması gereken birtakım özellikler çerçevesinde bunların ne şekilde ispat aracı olarak kullanılabilecekleri anlatılmıştır. Çalışmamızın ikinci bölümünde; ceza muhakemesinde, hükmün esas ve belirleyici delillerinin elde edildiği delil elde edilmesi yöntemi olan arama işleminin icrasının ne şekilde mümkün olabildiği ve hangi kurallara tabi tutulduğu ele alınmıştır. Üçüncü ve son bölümde ise; arama işlemi esnasında rastlantı sonucu elde edilen tesadüfi delillerin ceza muhakemesinde kullanılması kapsamlı bir şekilde incelenmiş ve arama işleminin sahip olması gereken birtakım önemli ilkeler, adli yargı mercileri tarafından verilen kararlar ışığında görüşlerimiz de beyan edilmek sureti ile elde edilen delillerin hükme esas alınmasının ne şekilde mümkün olduğu incelenerek bir kanaate varılması noktasında yardımcı olmak adına hukuk camiasına bilgiler verilmiş ve dikkat edilmesi gereken noktalara dikkat çekilmeye çalışılmıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler: adli arama, yasak deliller, delil serbestisi, ceza muhakemesi hukuku, vicdani kanaat, anayasal hak ve özgürlükler, hukuk devleti
In this thesis, the criminal procedure conducted with the motive of revealing the material truth; We will discuss whether it is based on the unlawful evidence obtained after the search process, which is carried out unlawfully in terms of protecting human dignity, disciplining the law enforcement, and protecting the fundamental rights and freedoms of individuals, and whether the rejection of these evidence is subject to an absolute ban on evaluation or a prohibition of relative evaluation. Our aim is to make an examination based on the judgements established depending on the conclusions reached because of the Turkish criminal trial and the decisions that are like the international decisions by evaluating them as a whole and that contain differences and as with these judgements, to reveal the way adopted in our criminal procedure law with the will of the legislator. For this reason, in the first part of our study, the unlawful evidence has been interpreted based on the principles underlying American Law by addressing the issue of evaluating the evidence against the law in criminal procedure within the context of international legal norms and the Turkish legal system. Also, it has been explained which rules are subjected to, and how the evidence can be used as a means of proof within the framework of certain characteristics of the evidence collected and kept under protection during the criminal investigation and prosecution. In the second part of our study, it has been discussed how the execution of the search process, which is the method of obtaining evidence from which the essential and determinative evidence of the verdict is obtained, can be possible in criminal procedure. In the third and last part, the use of incidental evidence obtained because of coincidence during the search process in criminal procedure has been thoroughly examined and information has been provided to the legal community to assist in reaching an opinion in the light of some important principles that the search process should have, and decisions made by the judicial courts and by stating our opinions and examining how it is possible to base the evidence on the verdict. Also, the points that need attention were tried to be drawn. Keywords: forensic search, prohibition of evidence, freedom of evidence, criminal procedure law, conscious opinion, constitutional rights and freedoms, state of law
In this thesis, the criminal procedure conducted with the motive of revealing the material truth; We will discuss whether it is based on the unlawful evidence obtained after the search process, which is carried out unlawfully in terms of protecting human dignity, disciplining the law enforcement, and protecting the fundamental rights and freedoms of individuals, and whether the rejection of these evidence is subject to an absolute ban on evaluation or a prohibition of relative evaluation. Our aim is to make an examination based on the judgements established depending on the conclusions reached because of the Turkish criminal trial and the decisions that are like the international decisions by evaluating them as a whole and that contain differences and as with these judgements, to reveal the way adopted in our criminal procedure law with the will of the legislator. For this reason, in the first part of our study, the unlawful evidence has been interpreted based on the principles underlying American Law by addressing the issue of evaluating the evidence against the law in criminal procedure within the context of international legal norms and the Turkish legal system. Also, it has been explained which rules are subjected to, and how the evidence can be used as a means of proof within the framework of certain characteristics of the evidence collected and kept under protection during the criminal investigation and prosecution. In the second part of our study, it has been discussed how the execution of the search process, which is the method of obtaining evidence from which the essential and determinative evidence of the verdict is obtained, can be possible in criminal procedure. In the third and last part, the use of incidental evidence obtained because of coincidence during the search process in criminal procedure has been thoroughly examined and information has been provided to the legal community to assist in reaching an opinion in the light of some important principles that the search process should have, and decisions made by the judicial courts and by stating our opinions and examining how it is possible to base the evidence on the verdict. Also, the points that need attention were tried to be drawn. Keywords: forensic search, prohibition of evidence, freedom of evidence, criminal procedure law, conscious opinion, constitutional rights and freedoms, state of law