Evaluation of Energy Harvesting Methods for Lighting Urban Roads With Single-Valued Neutrosophic EDAS Method

Abstract

Lighting the roads, especially in big cities, is critical for safety and risk reduction. Meeting this need with renewable energy sources instead of traditional methods contributes to environmental sustainability by reducing carbon emissions. However, choosing the most appropriate one among the many energy harvesting methods requires balancing uncertainty and contradictions. Therefore, this study proposed the single-valued neutrosophic EDAS method to determine the most suitable energy harvesting method for road lighting. The model provides a flexible and balanced analysis by separately evaluating the degrees of accuracy, uncertainty, and falsity. It also addresses many criteria with a sustainability-oriented approach. According to the results, the most effective criterion is energy efficiency (T1), and photovoltaic energy harvesting has been determined as the most priority alternative for urban lighting. The robustness check supports the reliability and validity of the model. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.