Dünya'da ve Türkiye'de Tarımsal Finasman :türkiye için Model Onerisi

Abstract

Tarim ilk caglardan bugune insanlarin ilgilendikleri sektorlerin basinda gelmektedir. Dunya ekonomisi icerisinde onemli bir yeri olan tarim sektoru kabul edilmis genel ekonomik kuramlar icerisinde kendi ozgu yapisi ile finansmanina cozum aranan baslica sektordur. Gelismis ulkeler sektorun finansmani konusunda onemli adimlar atmis uluslal ekonomi doneminin kapanmasive global piyasalarin kurulmasi sonrasi tarim finansmani Dunya genelinde incelenmesi gereken bir konu olmustur. Geleneksel finans yontemlerinin disina cikilmasi ve tarimsal finansmanin coklu sistemli bir yapi icerisinde ele alinmasi gelismis ulklelerin tarimda kullandiklari finansman yontemleri ile genel ekonomik yapilanmalari icerisinde onemli bir rahatlama ve duzenleme saglayarak Dunya genelinde onder ulkeler olamalarina yardimci olmustur. Kuresellesme gelismis ulkelerde tarim finansmani konusunda ortaya cikan buyuk finansal kuruluslarin gelismekte olan ulkeler ve az gelismis ulkelerde de rahatlikla faaliyetlerini surdurmelerini saglamaktadir. Diger gelismekte olan ulkelerde oldugu gibi Turkiye'de de tarim finansmani konusunda cozumu bulunmamis bircok sorun bulunmaktadir. Tarim sektoru ulkemiz icin halen onemini koruyan genel ekonomik sorunlarin cikmasinda aktif rol oynayan ekonomik gelismede diger sektorlere tam anlamiyla destek olan bir yapiya sahiptir. ulkemizde tarim sektorunun uretimden kaynaklanan sorunlari sektorun finansal piyasalardan daha az pay almasinda buyuk rol oynamaktadir. Turkiye'de tarim sektorunun finansman sorunlarini cozmek amaciyla gelismis ulkelerdeki gibi bir finansman sistemine ihtiyac bulunup bulunmadigi arastirilmasi ve sonuclandirilmasi gereken bir konudur. calismamizda tarim finansmaninda Ticari Bankalar Kooperatifler Leasing ve Faktoring kuruluslari ile Sigorta sirketleri gibi genis katilimli bir finansal yapi kurulmasi konusu arastirilmis uygun bir model onerisi yapilmistir.

Agriculture has been in the most important place of the sectors people has dealed with since the primary age. Agricultural sector, which has an important place in the world economy, is the main sector that solutions for its finance are searched from its own dynamics. Outstanding developments have been seen by the developed countries about the finance of the sector. By the end of the national economy term and with the development of globalized economies the agricultural finance has become a subject that has to be analysed within the world. Going out of the traditional financing methods and dealing with agricultural finance in a systematic composition has helped developed countries to become leading countries in the world. With the help of globalization, the major financial institutions in the developed countries dealing with agricultural finance have the chance to maintain their services in developing and underdeveloped countries. As in other developing countries, there are several problems that are not solved about agricultural finance in Turkey. Agricultural sector has a structure that is still important for our economy, that helps other sectors in economic development and that plays an active role in economic problems. In our country, the problems of the agricultural sector originated from production cause the sector to participate less in financial markets.It is necessary to investigate whether Turkey needs an agricultural finance system same as the ones in developed countries in order to solve the problems of the agricultural finance or not.In this study, it is investigated to form a financial structure in which commercial banks, cooperatives, leasing and factoring institutions together with insurance companies take place and an appropriate model is suggested.