Yapay Zeka Çağında Algoritmik İş İlişkileri
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2024
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Open Access Color
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Abstract
Çalışmanın konusu, yapay zeka ve algoritmaların kara kutu etkisi olarak açıklanan doğası gereği karmaşık yapısının iş ilişkilerinde işçinin temel hak ve özgürlüklerine, iş sözleşmesinde bağımlılık unsuruna ve iş hukukunun temel ilkeleri kapsamında işçinin korunması ve ayrımcılık yasağına yönelik potansiyel risklerinin ulusal ve uluslararası düzenlemeler kapsamında multidisipliner kavramlar aracılığıyla değerlendirilmesidir. Fiziksel ve dijital alanlar arasındaki ayrımların giderek daha da bulanıklaştığı dördüncü sanayi devrimi ile büyük verinin gelişimi ile işverenler tarafından işyerinde işe alım, özgeçmiş taramaları, algoritmik yönetim ve gözetim, performans değerlendirmelerine ilişkin işçinin ekonomik geleceği üzerinde geri döndürülemez etkileri olan kararların yapay zeka ve algoritmalar ile alındığı durumlarda kararların şeffaflığı ve objektifliğine ilişkin endişeleri beraberinde getirmektedir. Ulusal ve uluslararası belgelerde, endişenin odağında geleneksel iş ilişkileri bağlamında düşünülerek tasarlanan hukuki düzenleme ve koruma ilkelerinin yapay zeka ve algoritmalar karşısında hedeflenen amacı karşılayamayacak nitelikte oluşu ve dijitalleşmeye bağlı değişimlerde gözlemlenen keskinliğin işçinin temel hak ve özgürlüklerine etkisi yer almaktadır. Bu kapsamda çalışmamızda dijital teknolojilerin iş hukukuna etkilerinin anlaşılması amacıyla yapay zeka ve algoritmaların işleyiş ve tekniklerinin neler olduğu, yapay zeka ve algoritmaların kara kutu etkisinin iş hukukuna hakim ilkeleri dışsallaştırarak işçinin temel hak ve özgürlüklerine yönelik potansiyel risklerine karşı hukuksal düzenleme ihtiyacına ulusal ve uluslararası strateji belgelerinde ve mukayeseli hukukta getirilen ölçütlerin neler olduğu, büyük veriye dayalı insan analitiği ile işyerinde algoritmik yönetim ve kararların işçi ve işverenin hak ve yükümlülüklerine güncel etkilerine ve dijitalleşen iş ilişkilerine ne şekilde yaklaşılması gerektiği sorunları ele alınmaya ve değerlendirilmeye çalışılmıştır.
The focus of this study is to evaluate the potential risks of the complex nature of artificial intelligence (AI) and algorithms, described as the black box effect, on the fundamental rights and freedoms of workers, the element of dependency in employment contracts, and the protection of workers and prohibition of discrimination within the basic principles of labor law, through multidisciplinary concepts within the scope of national and international regulations. With the advent of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, where distinctions between physical and digital realms are becoming increasingly blurred, and with the development of big data, there are concerns regarding the transparency and objectivity of decisions made by AI and algorithms in the workplace. These decisions, which can have irreversible effects on the economic future of workers, include hiring, resume screenings, algorithmic management and surveillance, and performance evaluations. In national and international documents, the focus of concern is that the legal regulations and protection principles designed with traditional employment relationships in mind may not meet the intended purpose in the face of AI and algorithms, and the sharpness observed in changes due to digitalization affects the fundamental rights and freedoms of workers. In this context, our study aims to understand the impacts of digital technologies on labor law by addressing what the operations and techniques of AI and algorithms are, what the criteria brought by national and international strategy documents and comparative law regarding the need for legal regulation against the potential risks to the fundamental rights and freedoms of workers posed by the black box effect of AI and algorithms, and how to approach the current impacts of big data-based human analytics and algorithmic management and decisions in the workplace on the rights and obligations of workers and employers and digitalizing employment relationships.
The focus of this study is to evaluate the potential risks of the complex nature of artificial intelligence (AI) and algorithms, described as the black box effect, on the fundamental rights and freedoms of workers, the element of dependency in employment contracts, and the protection of workers and prohibition of discrimination within the basic principles of labor law, through multidisciplinary concepts within the scope of national and international regulations. With the advent of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, where distinctions between physical and digital realms are becoming increasingly blurred, and with the development of big data, there are concerns regarding the transparency and objectivity of decisions made by AI and algorithms in the workplace. These decisions, which can have irreversible effects on the economic future of workers, include hiring, resume screenings, algorithmic management and surveillance, and performance evaluations. In national and international documents, the focus of concern is that the legal regulations and protection principles designed with traditional employment relationships in mind may not meet the intended purpose in the face of AI and algorithms, and the sharpness observed in changes due to digitalization affects the fundamental rights and freedoms of workers. In this context, our study aims to understand the impacts of digital technologies on labor law by addressing what the operations and techniques of AI and algorithms are, what the criteria brought by national and international strategy documents and comparative law regarding the need for legal regulation against the potential risks to the fundamental rights and freedoms of workers posed by the black box effect of AI and algorithms, and how to approach the current impacts of big data-based human analytics and algorithmic management and decisions in the workplace on the rights and obligations of workers and employers and digitalizing employment relationships.
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Hukuk, İş hukuku, Law, Labour law
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209