Circular Economy in the Food Systems: a Review

Abstract

The traditional linear economy model, characterized by the unsustainable “take-make-dispose” approach, leads to substantial resource depletion, environmental degradation, and excessive waste generation. The burgeoning need for a sustainable food system calls for a shift from the traditional open-loop linear model towards a circular economy. This review explores the transformative potential of circularity principles across various levels of food production. The closed-loop circular economy model, put forward by Walter Stahel, prioritizes efficient utilization of resources and waste minimization. It focuses on closing the loop with the food system by promoting regenerative agricultural practices, minimizing the generation of food waste and losses across the supply chain, and encouraging the valorization of waste and by-products. While acknowledging the challenges associated with this transformation, the review underscores the importance of a systematic transition. The transformation from linear to circular food systems necessitates the collective efforts of all the stakeholders, including farmers, producers, processors, retailers, and consumers. Moreover, the government and policymakers have a crucial role to play in terms of infrastructure development and crafting supportive policies to pave the way for successful transformation. By fostering educational initiatives that raise awareness about waste reduction, management, and valorization, alongside incentivizing circular economy practices, the food system can evolve into a more sustainable and closed-loop model, contributing to a more resilient future. © 2025 Wiley Periodicals LLC.