The Effect of Local Governments on Public Space Through Spatial Interventions: The Case of Beyazıt Square
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Date
2023
Authors
Yildiz, Sinem
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Kadir Has Üniversitesi
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Abstract
Bu çalışmada, yerel yönetimlerin mekansal müdahalelerinin bir kamusal alan olan Beyazit Meydanı'nın dönüşümüne olan etkileri incelenmiştir. Meydanlar, ortak yaşama pratiklerinin en iyi gözlenebildiği alanlar olarak bulundukları toplumun kamusal yaşam biçimini yansıtırlar. Beyazıt Meydanı tarihsel süreçte hem bir kamusal alan olarak ortaya çıkmasıyla hem de dönemin ve toplumun koşullarından etkilenerek biçimlenmesiyle inceleme sahası olarak belirlenmiştir. Yerel yönetimlerin kent politikası, dönemin siyasi, ekonomik ve toplumsal koşulları tarafından şekillendirilir. Bu açıdan hem Türkiye'de hem dünyada 1980'lerle başlayan değişim dönemi, Türkiye'de 1984 yerel seçimleri baz alınarak başlangıç yılı olarak seçilmiş ve 2019 yılındaki yerel seçimler dışarıda bırakılarak bu döneme kadar değerlendirilmiştir. Yerel yönetimlerin İstanbul özelinde beş yıllık idari süreçleri, bağlı bulundukları siyasi partiler, dönemin koşulları ve kente yaklaşımları ele alınarak değerlendirilmiştir. Beyazıt Meydanı'nın yerel yönetimlerin müdahaleleriyle yaşadığı değişim, gazete haberlerine yansıyan bilgilerden, büyükşehir ve ilçe belediyesinin yıllık faaliyet raporlarından, kentsel tasarım yarışmalarının projelerinden, ilgili dönemde hazırlanmış üst ölçek planlardan yola çıkarak incelenmiştir. Beyazıt Meydanı, yerel iktidarlar olan belediyelerin her dönem ilgilendikleri bir kamusal alan olmuştur. Dönemin gazete haberlerine yansıyan başlıklarında ve meydanla ilgili tarihi boyunca yapılan düzenlemelerde bu görülmektedir.
In this study, the effects of the spatial interventions of local governments on the transformation of Beyazit Square, a public space, were examined. Squares reflect the public lifestyle of their society as the areas where common living practices can be best observed. Therefore, Beyazit Square has been determined as a field of study both by its emergence as a public space in the historical process and by being shaped by the conditions of the period and society. The city policy of local governments is shaped by the period's political, economic, and social conditions. In this respect, the period of change that started in the 1980s, both in Turkey and in the world, was chosen as the starting year based on the 1984 local elections in Turkey, and the 2019 local elections were excluded and evaluated until this period. The five-year administrative processes of local governments in Istanbul, the political parties they are affiliated with, the conditions of the period, and their approach to the city were evaluated. The change that Beyazit Square has experienced with the interventions of the local governments has been examined based on the information reflected in the newspaper news, the annual activity reports of the metropolitan and district municipalities, the projects of the urban design competitions, and the upper scale plans prepared in the relevant period. Beyazit Square has always been a public space that municipalities, which are local governments, have been interested in. This is seen in the headlines reflected in the newspaper news of the period and the arrangements made throughout the history of the square.
In this study, the effects of the spatial interventions of local governments on the transformation of Beyazit Square, a public space, were examined. Squares reflect the public lifestyle of their society as the areas where common living practices can be best observed. Therefore, Beyazit Square has been determined as a field of study both by its emergence as a public space in the historical process and by being shaped by the conditions of the period and society. The city policy of local governments is shaped by the period's political, economic, and social conditions. In this respect, the period of change that started in the 1980s, both in Turkey and in the world, was chosen as the starting year based on the 1984 local elections in Turkey, and the 2019 local elections were excluded and evaluated until this period. The five-year administrative processes of local governments in Istanbul, the political parties they are affiliated with, the conditions of the period, and their approach to the city were evaluated. The change that Beyazit Square has experienced with the interventions of the local governments has been examined based on the information reflected in the newspaper news, the annual activity reports of the metropolitan and district municipalities, the projects of the urban design competitions, and the upper scale plans prepared in the relevant period. Beyazit Square has always been a public space that municipalities, which are local governments, have been interested in. This is seen in the headlines reflected in the newspaper news of the period and the arrangements made throughout the history of the square.
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Mimarlık, Architecture ; Siyasal Bilimler
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122