Browsing by Author "Berk, Istemi"

Now showing 1 - 7 of 7

Citation Count: 4
An assessment of mining efficiency in Turkish lignite industry
(Elsevier Science, 2015) Ediger, Volkan S.; Berk, Istemi; Ersoy, Mucella
This article focuses on the mining activities of Turkish Coal Enterprises (TKI) the major lignite supplier in Turkey. First we analyzed the lignite production and overburden removal activities of TKI from a historical perspective and then employed the Principle Component Analysis to build a mining efficiency index of TKI and investigated its historical development since the establishment of the company. We found that labor productivity and operational structure have been the most important factors positively affecting the index. The current article makes two important contributions: (1) by using the most comprehensive data set available on TKI for the first time and (2) by developing a Mining Efficiency Index (MEI) which can be used to analyze productivity in lignite mining activities in different countries. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Citation Count: 0
Energy Management in Organized Industrial Zones: Promoting the Green Energy Transition in Turkish Manufacturing Industry
(Ieee, 2024) Ediger, Volkan S.; Kucuker, Mehmet Ali; Berk, Istemi; Inan, Ali; Uctug, Fehmi Gorkem; 0
Organized Industrial Zones (OIZ), which gained legal status by Law 4562 of 2000, played a significant role in Turkish industrialization policies, particularly in improving Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs). The energy management (EM) within OIZs is essential for Turkiye's green transition and 2053 net-zero pathway. Following the publication of a directive on OIZ's electricity market activities in 2006, enterprises can purchase electricity directly from OIZ management. Moreover, the Energy Efficiency Law No. 5627 of 2007 required OIZs to establish an energy management unit (EMU) to serve the participants with less than 1000 tons of oil equivalent (toe) energy consumption. EMUs provide OIZ management with a unique opportunity to enhance sustainable energy transition by increasing renewable energy production and improving the energy efficiency of participating enterprises. The primary goal of this research is to evaluate the effectiveness of energy management units in OIZs in encouraging energy efficiency and green energy transition in the Turkish manufacturing industry. As a case study, we examine EM in the Adana Haci Sabanci Organized Industrial Zone (Adana OIZ), which ranks third among OIZs regarding electricity consumption. We analyze data on electricity infrastructures, roof-top PVs, invoice settlements/offsets, energy efficiency investments, and GHG emissions between 2017 and 2023. Our preliminary findings suggest that EMU in the Adana OIZ makes a very important contribution to the green transition of industrial establishments and that regulatory changes over the last decades have had positive effects. The share of renewable energy in the total energy mix increased from 1.6% to 21.4% over six years, and there has been a noteworthy enhancement in energy efficiency, reaching 27% in 22 companies evaluated. The main policy implication of our findings is that the role of regulatory bodies and efficient energy management in OIZs will be critical in achieving Turkiye's net zero target of 2053.
Citation Count: 11
Forecasting the Coal Production: Hubbert Curve Application on Turkey's Lignite Fields
(Elsevier Science, 2016) Berk, Istemi; Ediger, Volkan S.
The dependence on imported energy sources is one of the biggest challenges that Turkey and many other similar countries face in the 21st Century and the gap between production and consumption cannot be decreased without increasing the domestic production. Forecasting of domestic energy production therefore plays a vital role in order to be able to develop sound energy policies towards maintaining sustainable development. However although this question is essential in this respect especially for import dependent countries the previous literature is surprisingly scarce. This paper therefore will be important for future studies on estimation of energy production. We first analyzed lignite production of Turkish Coal Enterprises (TKI) from a historical perspective and then forecasted the future production by using the Hubbert curve depletion rate and decline curve methodologies. We concluded that the largest fields are about to enter a declining phase of production in upcoming years and most of the reserves will remain untapped if business-as-usual continues in the future. The methodology and interpretations may be used by other developing countries which deeply suffer from energy import dependency.
Citation Count: 6
Future availability of natural gas: Can it support sustainable energy transition?
(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2023) Ediger, Volkan S.; Berk, Istemi
Mitigating the adverse effects of global climate change and limiting global warming to 1.5 degrees C requires a complete transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources. Despite ongoing global efforts, particularly since the Paris Agreement in 2015, renewables are expected to not fully meet global energy demand by 2050. In this context, natural gas is expected to be a complementary fuel to support renewables throughout the transition. This paper assesses whether the future availability of global resources would enable natural gas to support sustainable energy transition. To this end, we first employ R/P ratio and Hubbert curve analyses and then compare our results with the recent natural gas supply/demand forecasts in the literature. Our findings suggest that global natural gas resources, both conventional and unconventional, are enough to meet forecasted global natural gas demand. This requires substantial investment in the natural gas industry, which would further increase green-house gas emissions. Therefore, natural gas resource-rich countries and the natural gas industry must adapt their operations to the new global paradigm framed by Paris Agreement and United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.
Citation Count: 7
Geostrategic challenges in the oil and gas sectors
(Springer International Publishing, 2018) Ediger, Volkan S.; Berk, Istemi
This chapter identifies the major geostrategic challenges that have emerged during the last two decades and assesses their implications for the global oil and gas sectors. The historical development of oil prices shows that there have been two major periods of volatility 1973-1986 and 1998-present each of which was preceded by two relatively stable periods. The two oil price shocks of the 1970s that were triggered by geopolitical events had long-term effects on global politics and economics. Major oil and gas producers faced the challenges of declining consumption on the demand side as consumers turned to alternative energies energy efficiency improved and non-Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) oil supplies increased. The crisis in the 2000s on the other hand had similar but more intense consequences deeply altering the structure of oil and gas markets. We identify two major challenges facing the oil and gas industry: energy substitution and resource scarcity. While the substitution of coal and renewables threatens to reduce oil and gas demand resource scarcity is expected to promote the development of unconventional hydrocarbon resources such as shale oil and gas and heavy oil. Unlike in the 1970s oil consumption did not decline when oil prices peaked in the 2000s. Moreover the recent fall in oil and gas prices created a fiscal challenge for conventional producers such as OPEC countries and non-OPEC countries like Russia and Mexico whose governmental budgets depend on export revenues. These fiscal challenges are expected to increase competition between national oil companies (NOCs) and international oil companies (IOCs) necessitating structural change in the governance of the industry. The NOCs are expected to continue dominating the industry and due to the increasing intervention of the corresponding governments the next decades could experience a rise in state capitalism not only in major oil and gas producing countries but also in the global energy business. © Springer International Publishing AG part of Springer Nature 2018.
Citation Count: 15
A historical assessment of Turkey's natural gas import vulnerability
(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2018) Berk, Istemi; Ediger, Volkan S.; Ediger, Volkan S.
This article aims at evaluating the historical determinants and implications of Turkey's natural gas import dependency. We implement principle component analysis (PCA) methodology to construct a natural gas import vulnerability index (NGIVI) for the period between 1986 and 2014 using five factors: (1) the share of natural gas in primary energy consumption (2) the share of natural gas in primary energy imports (3) the non-diversification of natural gas import sources (4) the share of LNG in total natural gas imports and (5) natural gas import prices. Results reveal that the first two factors have always dominated the NGIVI while the others were consequential but different times. Turkey's NOM increased until 2008 when it peaked and remained relatively flat since then indicating neither an improvement nor a worsening in its vulnerability. We also compared the NGIVI with the oil import vulnerability index (OIVI) of Turkey constructed in 2011 by the authors. Although there has been a remarkable decline in the OIVI since the mid-1980s the NGIVI has remained high until the present day. This result could be attributed to Turkey's different historical experience in importing oil and natural gas. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Citation Count: 30
Lignite resources of Turkey: Geology reserves and exploration history
(Elsevier Science, 2014) Ediger, Volkan S.; Berk, Istemi; Kosebalaban, Ayhan
This article aims to emphasize the importance of lignite which is the mostly used domestic energy source in the Turkish energy mix by briefly overviewing its geology reserves and exploration. Lignites are distributed in mostly continental sedimentary basins of Tertiary age all over the country. The lignite-bearing basins display the characteristics of different geological settings of which grabens and half-grabens are the most common ones especially in western Anatolia. The geological and chemical characteristics of Turkish lignites do not only create some important problems during mining and coal preparation but also make them unfavorable for consumption. However since they are the most valuable energy resource of the country they should benefit the economy in the most efficient and environmentally friendly way. Moreover two most important conclusions of this study are as follows: firstly reserve estimation practices in the country should definitely be revised to provide a more realistic evaluation of the country's lignite potential for developing medium- and long-term energy strategies and policies for decision- and policy-makers. Secondly exploration and development activities should be coordinated by a single institution most likely a government institution as has been the case for some 50 years. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.