Psikoloji Bölümü Koleksiyonu

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://gcris.khas.edu.tr/handle/20.500.12469/60

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Citation - WoS: 31
Citation - Scopus: 41
Acculturation Attitudes and Social Adjustment in British South Asian Children: a Longitudinal Study
(Sage Publications Inc, 2013) Brown, Rupert; Baysu, Gülseli; Baysu, Gülseli; Cameron, Lindsey; Nigbur, Dennis; Rutland, Adam; Watters, Charles; Hossain, Rosa; LeTouze, Dominique; Landau, Anick
A 1-year longitudinal study with three testing points was conducted with 215 British Asian children aged 5 to 11 years to test hypotheses from Berry's acculturation framework. Using age-appropriate measures of acculturation attitudes and psychosocial outcomes it was found that (a) children generally favored an integrationist attitude and this was more pronounced among older (8-10 years) than in younger (5-7 years) children and (b) temporal changes in social self-esteem and peer acceptance were associated with different acculturation attitudes held initially as shown by latent growth curve analyses. However a supplementary time-lagged regression analysis revealed that children's earlier integrationist attitudes may be associated with more emotional symptoms (based on teachers' ratings) 6 months later. The implications of these different outcomes of children's acculturation attitudes are discussed.
Citation - Scopus: 9
Self-Efficacy and Hemodialysis Treatment: a Qualitative and Quantitative Approach
(Turkish Association of Nervous and Mental Health, 2013) Krespi-Boothby, Margörit Rita; Krespi, Margörit Rita; Salmon, Peter
The theoretically driven approach to the measurement of self-efficacy fails to capture the challenges that hemodialysis patients experience in following their dietary and fluid restrictions. Aims: A combination of qualitative and quantitative research is necessary to identify the range of challenges associated with these restrictions and to quantify them if clinicians are to be guided in their consultations with patients. In this study the construct of self-efficacy was grounded on the basis of challenges to dietary and fluid restrictions and the findings were used to develop a questionnaire to quantify the patients' perceptions of their ability to overcome each challenge. Materials and Methods: The sample for the qualitative study consisted of 16 hemodialysis patients and the quantitative study included 156 hemodialysis patients. Results: The qualitative findings showed that the patients experienced a range of specific challenges to dietary and fluid restrictions. Among these were practical constraints being with others the view of hemodialysis as compensating for dietary non-compliance and emotional challenges including discomfort distress and boredom with dietary and fluid restrictions. The most common challenge to fluid restrictions was eating while not having any fluid allowance left. Boredom with diet was the most common challenge to diet. Hemodialysis treatment was a justification for a significant number of patients to neglect their dietary and fluid restrictions. Conclusion: The findings suggest that grounded self-efficacy is a unitary phenomenon but that it incorporates a wide spectrum of specific challenges. The challenges identified herein have provided an evidence base for educational interventions to improve compliance with dietary and fluid restrictions.
Citation - WoS: 41
Citation - Scopus: 44
Relative Group Size and Minority School Success: the Role of Intergroup Friendship and Discrimination Experiences
(Wiley-Blackwell, 2014) Baysu, Gülseli; Baysu, Gülseli; Phalet, Karen; Brown, Rupert
From an intergroup relations perspective relative group size is associated with the quantity and quality of intergroup contact: more positive contact (i.e. intergroup friendship) supports and negative contact (i.e. experienced discrimination) hampers minority identity and school success. Accordingly we examined intergroup contact as the process through which perceived relative proportions of minority and majority students in school affected minority success (i.e. school performance satisfaction and self-efficacy). Turkish minorities (N = 1060) were compared in four Austrian and Belgian cities which differ in their typical school ethnic composition. Across cities minority experiences of intergroup contact fully mediated the impact of perceived relative group size on school success. As expected higher minority presence impaired school success through restricting intergroup friendship and increasing experienced discrimination. The association between minority presence and discrimination was curvilinear however so that schools where minority students predominated offered some protection from discrimination. To conclude the comparative findings reveal positive and negative intergroup contact as key processes that jointly explain when and how higher proportions of minority students affect school success.
Citation - Scopus: 5
For Whose Sake Is It Anyway? Evaluation of Explicit Family Policies in Turkey
(Springer New York, 2014) Çarkoğlu, Aslı; Çarkoğlu, Aslı; Kafescioğlu, Nilüfer
Family policies impact the life of every citizen in a society at a very private level. Their content as well as the processes through which they are formed and altered documents the powers that shape the lives of families at the macrolevel. In this chapter we aim to document the current state as well as the change processes of the family policies in Turkey a country of socioeconomic variety and rapid change. Here we will give precedence to the aspects of family policy that are explicitly linked to the formation and daily life of families such as the Civil Code the Labor and Social Security Laws as well as the laws and regulations concerning family violence. However we will be leaving out many other rules and regulations that impact families more implicitly through the conditions they present to individual members of families such as the Penal Code and its regulations. © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2014.
Avrupalı İkinci Nesil Türk Göçmenlerin Okul Başarısı
(Türk Psikologlar Derneği, 2014) Baysu, Gülseli; Baysu, Gülseli; Phalet, Karen
Avrupa’daki okulların en büyük sorunlarından biri göçmenlerin yerlilere kıyasla okulda daha başarısız olmasıdır. Bu derleme makalesinin amacı İsveç, Belçika, Avusturya ve Almanya’da büyük şehirlerde yaşayan yerli ve ikinci nesil Türk göçmenlere odaklanarak, okul başarıları arasındaki farkı betimlemek ve sosyal psikolojik bir bakış açısıyla açıklamaktır. Bulgular beş ana başlık altında toplanmıştır. (1) İlk olarak okul başarısını betimleme amacı doğrultusunda dört Avrupa ülkesinde de göçmen ve yerli öğrencilerin okul hayatları boyunca başarılarında gitgide artan bir fark bulunmuştur. Bu farkı açıklamak için, sosyal kimlik kuramına ve sosyal kimlik tehdit algısına yönelik araştırmalardan yararlanılmıştır. (2) Gruplar arası ilişkilere bakıldığında, arkadaşlıklar ve öğretmen desteği, göçmenlerin okulda kendini güvende ve kabul görmüş hissetmesine yol açarak okul başarısını artırmaktadır. Öte yandan, ayrımcılık okula adaptasyonu zorlaştırmaktadır. (3) Sosyal kimlik stratejileri okul başarısını ve adaptasyonunu belirlemektedir. Çiftkültürlü öğrenciler (hem Türk hem Belçikalı hissetmek) okulda ayrımcılığa veya olumsuz kalıpyargılara maruz kaldıklarında bundan daha fazla zarar görmekte, bu da okul başarılarını ve test performanslarını olumsuz etkilemektedir. (4) Segregasyon, gruplar arası arkadaşlıkları azaltıp ayrımcılık algısını artırarak, okul başarısı ve adaptasyonu üzerinde olumsuz bir etkiye yol açmaktadır. Ancak göçmenlerin çoğunluğu oluşturduğu okullar onları ayrımcılıktan korumaktadır. (5) Göçmenler, Almanya gibi hiyerarşik olarak yapılandırılmış eğitim sistemlerinde (akademik ve meslek odaklı ortaöğretim gibi) daha başarısız olmaktadır. Sonuç olarak, bu derlemede sosyal psikolojik yaklaşımın, özellikle sosyal kimlik tehdit algısı ve gruplar arası ilişkilerin, göçmenlerin okul başarısını belirlemekte önemli bir rol oynadığı ifade edilmektedir.
Citation - WoS: 16
Citation - Scopus: 14
Identifying City Differences in Perceived Group Discrimination Among Second-Generation Turks and Moroccans in Belgium
(Routledge Journals Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2015) Alanya, Ahu; Baysu, Gülseli; Baysu, Gülseli; Swyngedouw, Marc
This study investigates the effects of city context on the levels and predictors of perceived group discrimination (GD) among Turkish and Moroccan second-generation immigrants in Belgium. Based on the Integration of the European Second-generation (TIES) data we address two main questions: (1) Are there significant differences in the levels of perceived GD between the two cities in Belgium (Antwerp and Brussels) within each immigrant group? (2) Who perceives more GD within each city? To answer these questions possible composition effects should be controlled. Accordingly we use propensity-score matching to make second-generation immigrant samples from the two cities reasonably comparable with respect to socio-demographic characteristics. Concerning the first research question we find that after propensity-score matching the Turkish second-generation perceive more GD in Antwerp than in Brussels. For the Moroccan group however the city differences in perceived GD are no longer significant after matching. With regards to the second research question we find that those who are more socio-economically integrated and those who perceive more threat in their city are more likely to perceive GD.
Citation - WoS: 0
Donors' Evaluation of Their Lives Following the Diagnosis of Liver Failure and Transplantation Surgery
(Elsevier France-Editions Scientifiques Medicales Elsevier, 2015) Krespi, Margörit Rita; Tankurt, A.; Acarli, Koray; Kalayoglu, Murat; Kanmaz, Turan
[Abstract Not Available]
Citation - WoS: 12
Citation - Scopus: 11
Positional Priming of Visual Pop-Out Search Is Supported by Multiple Spatial Reference Frames
(Frontiers Media, 2015) Gökçe, Ahu; Gökçe, Ahu; Mueller, Hermann J.; Geyer, Thomas
The present study investigates the representations(s) underlying positional priming of visual pop-out' search (Maljkodc and Nakayama 1996). Three search items (one target and two distractors) were presented at different locations in invariant (Experiment 1) or random (Experiment 2) cross-trial sequences. By these manipulations it was possible to disentangle retinotopic spatiotopic and object-centered priming representations. Two forms of priming were tested: target location facilitation (i.e. faster reaction times - RTswhen the trial n target is presented at a trial n-1 target relative to n-1 blank location) and distractor location inhibition (i.e. slower RTs for n targets presented at n-1 distractor compared to n-1 blank locations). It was found that target locations were coded in positional short-term memory with reference to both spatiotopic and object-centered representations (Experiment 1 vs. 2). In contrast distractor locations were maintained in an object-centered reference frame (Experiments 1 and 2). We put forward the idea that the uncertainty induced by the experiment manipulation (predictable versus random cross-trial item displacements) modulates the transition from object- to space-based representations in cross-trial memory for target positions.
Citation - WoS: 0
Beliefs of Donors About Liver Failure and Transplantation Surgery
(Elsevier France-Editions Scientifiques Medicales Elsevier, 2015) Krespi, Margörit Rita; Tankurt, A.; Acarlı, Koray; Kalayoğlu, Murat; Kanmaz, Turan
[Abstract Not Available]
Citation - WoS: 8
Citation - Scopus: 10
The Effect of Self-Concept Clarity on Discretionary Spending Tendency
(Elsevier Science Bv, 2016) Tarcan Kumkale, Gökçe; Gurhan-Canli, Zeynep; Kumkale, Gökçe Tarcan; Yoon, Yeosun
Discretionary spending is an important indicator of economic well-being. However prior research is limited in empirically testing who is more likely to make discretionary purchases. To address this research gap this article suggests that those who have less clearly and confidently defined internally consistent and temporally stable self-knowledge (i.e. those who have low self-concept clarity [SCC]) have higher discretionary spending tendencies than high-SCC individuals. The results indicate that low-SCC individuals have higher discretionary spending tendencies because they are more likely to adopt avoidant coping strategies than are high-SCC individuals. This research further tests the effectiveness of elaboration on potential outcomes in reducing the discretionary spending tendencies of individuals with high- or low-SCC and demonstrates that it is effective only for high-SCC individuals. This article concludes with a discussion of the theoretical and managerial implications of the results. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Citation - WoS: 30
Citation - Scopus: 35
Compliance With Smoke-Free Legislation Within Public Buildings: a Cross-Sectional Study in Turkey
(World Health Organization, 2016) Navas-Acien, Ana; Çarkoğlu, Aslı; Çarkoğlu, Aslı; Ergör, Gül; Hayran, Mutlu; Ergüder, Toker; Kaplan, Bekir; Susan, Jolie; Magid, Hoda; Pollak, Jonathan; Cohen, Joanna E.
ObjectiveTo investigate public compliance with legislation to prohibit smoking within public buildings and the extent of tobacco smoking in outdoor areas in Turkey. Methods Using a standardized observation protocol we determined whether smoking occurred and whether ashtrays cigarette butts and/or no-smoking signs were present in a random selection of 884 public venues in 12 cities in Turkey. We visited indoor and outdoor locations in bars/nightclubs cafes government buildings hospitals restaurants schools shopping malls traditional coffee houses and universities. We used logistic regression models to determine the association between the presence of ashtrays or the absence of no-smoking signs and the presence of individuals smoking or cigarette butts. Findings Most venues had no-smoking signs (629/884). We observed at least one person smoking in 145 venues most frequently observed in bars/nightclubs (63/79) hospital dining areas (18/79) traditional coffee houses (27/120) and government-building dining areas (5/23). For 538 venues we observed outdoor smoking close to public buildings. The presence of ashtrays was positively associated with indoor smoking and cigarette butts adjusted odds ratio aOR: 315.9
Citation - WoS: 5
Citation - Scopus: 5
Beyond a Paycheck: the Influence of Workforce Participation on Women's Cancer Screening in Turkey
(Springer/Plenum Publishers, 2016) Sen, Celia K. Naivar; Tarcan Kumkale, Gökçe; Baruh, Lemi; Kumkale, Gökçe Tarcan
The present study investigates the influence of workforce participation on women's cancer screening behaviors in Turkey. In cultures with predominantly Muslim populations like Turkey emphasis is typically placed on a woman's traditional role as a child bearer. Although the impact of workforce participation on women's welfare has been studied in various contexts the relationship between workforce participation and health protective behavior has received scant attention. Using quantitative data from a survey of women aged 40 and above from 33 urban cities in Turkey (N = 483) we examine the influence of workforce participation on breast and cervical cancer screening behaviors. Homemakers were less likely than working/retired women to be up-to-date on screenings. Women with lower income and education screened less
Citation - WoS: 56
Citation - Scopus: 60
Minority Adolescents in Ethnically Diverse Schools: Perceptions of Equal Treatment Buffer Threat Effects
(Wiley, 2016) Baysu, Gülseli; Celeste, Laura; Brown, Rupert; Verschueren, Karine; Phalet, Karen
Can perceptions of equal treatment buffer the negative effects of threat on the school success of minority studentş Focusing on minority adolescents from Turkish and Moroccan heritage in Belgium (M-age=14.5 N=735 in 47 ethnically diverse schools) multilevel mediated moderation analyses showed: (a) perceived discrimination at school predicted lower test performance (b) experimentally manipulated stereotype threat decreased performance (mediated by increased disengagement) (c) perceived equal treatment at school predicted higher performance (mediated by decreased disengagement) and (d) personal and peer perceptions of equal treatment buffered negative effects of discrimination and stereotype threat. Thus (situational) stereotype threat and perceived discrimination at school both undermine minority student success whereas perceived equal treatment can provide a buffer against such threats.
Citation - WoS: 0
Factors That Influence Support and Enforcement of the Smoke-Free Law in Turkey
(Oxford University Press, 2016) Çarkoğlu, Aslı; Aherrera, Angela; Çarkoğlu, Aslı; Ergör, Gül; Ergüder, Toker; Kaplan, Bekir; Susan, Jolie; Zheng, Laura; Cohen, Joanna E.; Navas-Acien, Ana
[Abstract Not Available]
Citation - WoS: 6
Citation - Scopus: 7
Re-Considering the Linkage Between the Antecedents and Consequences of Happiness
(Elsevier Science Bv, 2016) Yeniaras, Volkan; Yeniaras, Volkan; Akkemik, K. Ali; Akkemik, Küçük Ali; Yücel, Eray
A growing number of studies examine the antecedents of happiness but only a handful of them appear to undertake an analysis of its consequences. Employing a unique cross-sectional data set of 413 adults we examine the relationship of the antecedents of happiness on its outcomes via mediation analysis. We show that the web of relations in this domain is more complicated than it is commonly understood. We provide empirical evidence that income enhances individuals' life satisfaction. We also find a non-linearity in the relation of age to frugality and to attitude towards debt. Whereas a positive relationship exists between employment and frugality income negatively affects frugality. We find strong evidence to suggest that life satisfaction reverses the relationships of employment and income to frugality. Additionally we obtained empirical evidence to suggest that employment income and sex positively affect attitude towards debt. Furthermore we provide empirical evidence that the relationships of age and. income to attitude towards debt are complementarily mediated by frugality while frugality competitively mediates the relationship of employment to attitude towards debt. Finally the results reveal that there exists an indirect-only effect of life satisfaction to attitudes towards debt through frugality. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Citation - WoS: 4
Citation - Scopus: 5
Liver Transplantation: Recipients’ Evaluation of Life From the Perspective of Living Donors
(Elsevier Science Inc, 2016) Tankurt, Aslı; Krespi, Margörit Rita; Krespi-Boothby, Margörit Rita; Acarlı, Koray; Kalayoğlu, Mü nci; Kanmaz, Turan; Yankol, Yucel
Aim. Liver transplantation affects not only recipients and living donors' lives but also the nature and quality of their relationship. Moreover the ways in which recipients of liver transplant experience life and views of living donors on how recipients experience life may differ. These differences may account for relational changes. It is also important to understand how recipients and their living donors' views differ if the aim is to devise psychoeducational programs for recipients and living donors. Therefore the present study examined the recipients' experience of life after a diagnosis of end-stage liver failure (ESLF) and transplantation surgery from donors' perspective. Methods. The sample consisted of 16 living donors who donated a part of their liver to a patient with ESLF. Thematic analysis was undertaken in parallel with interviews during which an interview guide was followed. Findings. Donors felt that recipients evaluated life after the diagnosis of ESLF and transplantation surgery in terms of limitations mixed relationships emotional changes and improvement in life. Conclusion. Experience of social limitations negative emotions and the feeling that one is supported by others could be interpreted in terms of existing psychological theory. Some ways of adjusting that have not been reported before within the context of ESLF extended the literature. These included others being frightened of being infected by ESLF and being insensitive experience of positive emotions and ways of improving. Overall compared with findings of previous qualitative work among recipients our findings suggest that donors' evaluation of recipients' lives converge with that of recipients.
Citation - WoS: 1
Citation - Scopus: 2
Post-Donation Evaluation of Life of Donors of Liver Transplantation
(Taylor & Francis, 2016) Krespi-Boothby, Margörit Rita; Krespi, Margörit Rita; Tankurt, Aslı; Acarlı, Koray; Yankol, Yücel; Kalayoğlu, Münci; Kanmaz, Turan
Aim: Liver transplantation from living donors affects not only recipients' but also donors' lives. The aim of this study was to explore living donors' experience of life. Methods: The sample consisted of 16 living donors who donated a part of their liver to a patient who had end-stage liver failure. Anonymised interview transcripts were analyzed following established conventions. Results: The analysis showed that participants evaluated their life in terms of limitations brought by organ donation surgery awareness of the need for lifestyle changes emotional changes changes in character and mixed relationships. Emotional changes involved the experience of both negative and positive emotions (feeling reputable feeling like being born again). Changes in character included both worsening of character (becoming half human turning into an aggressive person) and positive changes in character (becoming more of a believer and a humanist). Mixed relationships included feeling supported by loved ones and doctors reduction of burden of care formation of a special bond not feeling supported by potential supporters like mothers or spouses and worsening of close relationships. Conclusions: Some findings (experience of negative emotions lack of support from others) could be interpreted in terms of existing psychological theory. Other findings (worsening aspects of character experience of positive emotions improvement in aspects of character formation of a special bond worsening of close relationships) extended the literature and could be viewed as targets for educational programs for donors.
Citation - WoS: 18
Citation - Scopus: 19
How People Can Become Persuaded by Weak Messages Presented by Credible Communicators: Not All Sleeper Effects Are Created Equal
(Academic Press Inc Elsevier Science, 2017) Albarracin, Dolores; Tarcan Kumkale, Gökçe; Kumkale, Gökçe Tarcan; Vento, Patrick Poyner-Del
The sleeper effect has been proposed to describe temporal changes in persuasion for messages associated with noncredible sources. The present research introduces a new kind of sleeper effect denoting increases in persuasion for weak messages associated with credible sources. This effect of the source was hypothesized to derive from attending to the message source rather than the message arguments and reconstructing delayed attitudes primarily on the basis of the source information. Findings from three experiments revealed that when the focus of attention was the communicator there was a sleeper effect for the source. Specifically during the time between an immediate follow up and a delayed follow up persuasion increased when credible sources presented weak arguments. In contrast when the focus of attention was the message arguments a traditional sleeper effect emerged. That is persuasion increased when strong arguments were presented by a noncredible communicator. These effects were mediated by relative recall of arguments versus source attributes and replicated with different message topics and lengths of delay. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier Inc.
Gezi Protestolarına Katılanların Politik Profilleri ve Demokratik Tutumları
(Türk Psikologlar Derneği, 2017) Baysu, Gülseli; Baysu, Gülseli
Gezi Parkı protestoları uluslararası medyada çoğunluğu Müslüman olan bir ülkedeki laik ve İslamcı gruplar arasındaki bir çatışma olarak görülmüş ve Türkiye’deki demokrasinin geleceği hakkında şüpheler uyandırmıştır. Bu bağlamda bu çalışmanın sosyal kimlik ve kolektif eylem kuramları temelinde iki amacı vardır: (1) ortak politik kaygıya, yani protestoya katılım nedenlerine, ve katılım biçimlerine, yani gerçekleştirdikleri eylemlere, göre katılımcıların politik profillerini tanımlamak ve (2) bu profildeki kişilerin farklı demokratik tutumları ne derece benimsediklerini araştırmak. Protestolar devam ederken internet üzerinden yürütülen araştırmaya 645 eğitimli, şehirli genç-yetişkin katılımcı katılmıştır. Katılımcıların politik kaygılarının ve farklı katılım türlerinin örtük sınıf analizi yöntemi ile analizi sonucunda dört farklı politik profil ortaya çıkmaktadır. Özgürlükçüler ve laikler demokrasi, kadın hakları ve çevre gibi konularda ortak kaygılarını dile getirmektedir. Ancak özgürlükçüler azınlık hakları, laikler ise daha çok etnik ve (laikliğe yönelik) dini tehdit konularında kaygılanmaktadır. Her iki grup da protestoya katılmış olmakla beraber, özgürlükçüler doğrudan katılım, laikler ise (tencere ve tava ile ses çıkarmak gibi) dolaylı katılım yollarını tercih etmişlerdir. Ortayolcular (veya muhafazakar laikler) de demokrasi, kadın hakları ve çevre konusunda kaygı duymaktadır. Protestolara tutum olarak destek verseler de doğrudan ya da dolaylı olarak katılımları sınırlıdır. Son olarak, muhafazakarlar, diğer konularda daha az kaygı duysalar da, protesto-temelli polis şiddeti gibi konularda kaygılarını dile getirmiş; doğrudan değil sosyal medya üzerinden politik katılımı tercih etmişlerdir. Ayrıca, politik profillerin demokratik tutumlarına bakıldığında, özgürlükçülerin kapsayıcı ve çok kültürlü bir demokrasiyi en çok benimseyen grup olduğu görülmektedir. Çalışmanın sonuçları günümüz protestoları ve katılımcılarına olduğu kadar, bunların demokrasi ile ilişkisine de ışık tutmaktadır.
Citation - WoS: 4
Negative Life Events Behavior Problems and Self-Regulation of Adolescents From Low Socio-Economic Status
(Turkish Psychologists Assoc, 2017) Metin, Güntülü Tercanli; Harma, Mehmet; Harma, Mehmet; Gökçay, Gülbin; Bahçıvan-Saydam, Reyhan
The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between negative life events and emotional-behavioral problems among adolescents from low SES and the mediator role of self-regulation (SR) in this relationship. The study consisted of a sample of 358 7th and 8th grade-students living in Esenler neighborhood Istanbul. Students were asked to complete a series of questionnaires including Demographic Information Form Life Events Checklist Self-Regulation Inventory and Youth Self Report (YSR). Path Analysis was run to examine the associations between negative life events and internalizing-externalizing problems via self-regulation. Stability of these relationships across gender was also examined by multiple-group path analysis. Results showed that negative life events predicted both internalizing and externalizing problems directly and indirectly via self-regulation. As the number of negative life events increased the level of self-regulation skills deteriorated in turn it predicted internalizing and externalizing problems. Negative life events more strongly predicted internalizing problems than externalizing problems whereas self-regulation more strongly predicted externalizing problems than internalizing problems. Besides the relationship between negative life events and emotional-behavioral problems and the mediator role of self-regulation in the link between negative life events and problem behaviors did not change across gender. These findings were discussed in relation to the relevant literature focusing on the indicators and outcomes of self-regulation skills among adolescents.

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