Psikoloji Bölümü Koleksiyonu

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12469/60

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Citation - WoS: 145
Citation - Scopus: 145
Psychological Correlates of Covid-19 Conspiracy Beliefs and Preventive Measures: Evidence From Turkey
(Springer, 2020) Alper, Sinan; Bayrak, Fatih; Yılmaz, Onurcan
COVID-19 pandemic has led to popular conspiracy theories regarding its origins and widespread concern over the level of compliance with preventive measures. In the current preregistered research, we recruited 1088 Turkish participants and investigated (a) individual differences associated with COVID-19 conspiracy beliefs; (2) whether such conspiracy beliefs are related to the level of preventive measures; and (3) other individual differences that might be related to the preventive measures. Higher faith in intuition, uncertainty avoidance, impulsivity, generic conspiracy beliefs, religiosity, and right-wing ideology, and a lower level of cognitive reflection were associated with a higher level of belief in COVID-19 conspiracy theories. There was no association between COVID-19 conspiracy beliefs and preventive measures while perceived risk was positively and impulsivity negatively correlated with preventive measures. We discuss the implications and directions for future research.
Citation - WoS: 21
Citation - Scopus: 24
How People Can Become Persuaded by Weak Messages Presented by Credible Communicators: Not All Sleeper Effects Are Created Equal
(Academic Press Inc Elsevier Science, 2017) Albarracin, Dolores; Kumkale, Gökçe Tarcan; Vento, Patrick Poyner-Del
The sleeper effect has been proposed to describe temporal changes in persuasion for messages associated with noncredible sources. The present research introduces a new kind of sleeper effect denoting increases in persuasion for weak messages associated with credible sources. This effect of the source was hypothesized to derive from attending to the message source rather than the message arguments and reconstructing delayed attitudes primarily on the basis of the source information. Findings from three experiments revealed that when the focus of attention was the communicator there was a sleeper effect for the source. Specifically during the time between an immediate follow up and a delayed follow up persuasion increased when credible sources presented weak arguments. In contrast when the focus of attention was the message arguments a traditional sleeper effect emerged. That is persuasion increased when strong arguments were presented by a noncredible communicator. These effects were mediated by relative recall of arguments versus source attributes and replicated with different message topics and lengths of delay. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier Inc.
Citation - WoS: 1
Toplumsal Olaylara Dair Episodik ve Semantik Bellek Süreçlerinin Heyecanlanma Düzeyi ile İlişkisinin Yaş ve Heyecanın Ölçüm Türü Açısından İncelenmesi
(Istanbul Univ, 2020) Ece, Berivan; Öner, Sezin; Gulgoz, Sami
The major aims of the study were to investigate (1) the potential differences in arousal levels for episodic (EM) and semantic memory (SM) processes regarding public events and the comparison of these differences for different age groups, (2) the consistency of self-report versus objective measures of arousal, and (3) phenomenological characteristics of the events as function of memory type and arousal level. The sample consisted of 32 young adults whose ages ranged between 18 and 25 years (M = 20.60, SD = 2.22), 33 middle-aged adults aged between 40 and 55 years (M = 47.32, SD = 6.60), and 30 elderly people aged between 60 and 75 years (M = 69.97, SD = 6.16). Participants were asked to make a remember/know judgment for the 10 public events presented to them. They further answered event-related questions (SM) and questions regarding the context of hearing about the event (EM). Moreover, they reported their arousal level during recall and evaluated each event in terms of phenomenological characteristics such as importance, emotional intensity, and valence. Arousal level was also measured using physiological measurements with the GSR device. Based on self-reports, EM processes were associated with higher arousal levels compared to SM processes whereas the five physiological indicators of arousal displayed different patterns. Both EM and SM performance displayed an increase together with the increasing arousal levels, and young participants displayed higher levels of arousal and faster physiological responses than both middle-aged and elderly adults. When phenomenological characteristics were examined, remembered public events were rated more important, emotionally more intense and more negative than known events. Furthermore, higher arousal levels were associated with higher ratings of emotional intensity, importance and negativity. The reliability of self-reports and the critical role of applying objective measures were discussed together with the findings. Finally, some suggestions were proposed for future research on the basis of the current limitations and results.
Citation - WoS: 9
The Relationship Between Attachment To God Prosociality and Image of God
(Sage Publications Ltd, 2018) Bayramoğlu, Yunus; Harma, Mehmet; Yılmaz, Onurcan
Although religiosity fosters some antisocial behaviors (e.g. support for suicide attacks) it is well-known that it also enhances in-group cooperation and prosociality (e.g. donating to charity). Supernatural punishment hypothesis suggests that the fear of punishment from an invisible potent and powerful supernatural agent can keep everyone in line and encourage prosociality. We first investigated this relationship in a predominantly Muslim country and then tested a model suggesting that attachment to God can lead people to think God as authoritarian which in turn leads them to report more prosocial intentions. The results demonstrate that (1) there are some findings suggesting that Attachment to God Inventory is a reliable measure in Turkey (2) seeing God as authoritarian is positively correlated with prosociality and (3) our abovementioned model was supported by the data. Results generally support the supernatural punishment hypothesis and additionally show the utility of attachment theory in explaining the religiosity-prosociality link.
Citation - WoS: 6
Citation - Scopus: 7
Are We at All Liberal at Heart? High-Powered Tests Find No Effect of Intuitive Thinking on Moral Foundations
(Academic Press Inc., 2021) Yılmaz, Onurcan;İşler, Ozan;Doğruyol, Burak
Two opposing views define the debate on the moral principles underlying human behavior. One side argues a central role for five moral foundations (care, fairness, loyalty, authority, sanctity), while the other argues that two of these (care, fairness) capture the essence of human moral concerns. In an experiment comparing these two views, Wright and Baril (2011) found that conservatives under cognitive load devalue loyalty, authority and sanctity, and become more liberal. Their finding of common intuitive concern with care and fairness supports the two-foundation perspective. In two high-powered preregistered experiments (N = 3275), we used time-pressure to induce intuitive thinking and tested Wright and Baril's finding that “we are all liberals at heart.” Although the manipulations worked as intended, Study 1 failed to identify an effect on the moral foundations questionnaire (MFQ). We conjectured that familiarity with standard survey items may weaken intuition manipulations by eliciting stable opinions. In Study 2, we therefore used not only the MFQ but also novel moral foundations vignettes. Study 2 failed to find an effect of time-pressure on either questionnaire type. An internal Bayesian meta-analysis indicated strong evidence against an effect of intuitive thinking on moral foundations.
Citation - WoS: 3
Citation - Scopus: 3
Who Wants Left-Wing Policies? Economic Preferences and Political Cleavages in Turkey
(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2020) Yagcı, Alper H.; Harma, Mehmet; Tekgüç, Hasan
We administer a survey of economic policy preferences to a representative sample of the Turkish voting-age population. We show that policy preferences are distributed in non-linear ways that are at odds with what could be expected from a conventional left-right division. We find that while objective socioeconomic differences are bad at predicting economic policy preferences, the latter are distinctly associated with politically salient cleavages built on religiosity and ethnicity. We also examine how preferences of each party's voters compare with party programmes.
Citation - WoS: 18
Citation - Scopus: 15
Identifying City Differences in Perceived Group Discrimination Among Second-Generation Turks and Moroccans in Belgium
(Routledge Journals Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2015) Alanya, Ahu; Baysu, Gülseli; Swyngedouw, Marc
This study investigates the effects of city context on the levels and predictors of perceived group discrimination (GD) among Turkish and Moroccan second-generation immigrants in Belgium. Based on the Integration of the European Second-generation (TIES) data we address two main questions: (1) Are there significant differences in the levels of perceived GD between the two cities in Belgium (Antwerp and Brussels) within each immigrant group? (2) Who perceives more GD within each city? To answer these questions possible composition effects should be controlled. Accordingly we use propensity-score matching to make second-generation immigrant samples from the two cities reasonably comparable with respect to socio-demographic characteristics. Concerning the first research question we find that after propensity-score matching the Turkish second-generation perceive more GD in Antwerp than in Brussels. For the Moroccan group however the city differences in perceived GD are no longer significant after matching. With regards to the second research question we find that those who are more socio-economically integrated and those who perceive more threat in their city are more likely to perceive GD.
Citation - WoS: 45
Citation - Scopus: 50
Relative Group Size and Minority School Success: the Role of Intergroup Friendship and Discrimination Experiences
(Wiley-Blackwell, 2014) Baysu, Gülseli; Phalet, Karen; Brown, Rupert
From an intergroup relations perspective relative group size is associated with the quantity and quality of intergroup contact: more positive contact (i.e. intergroup friendship) supports and negative contact (i.e. experienced discrimination) hampers minority identity and school success. Accordingly we examined intergroup contact as the process through which perceived relative proportions of minority and majority students in school affected minority success (i.e. school performance satisfaction and self-efficacy). Turkish minorities (N = 1060) were compared in four Austrian and Belgian cities which differ in their typical school ethnic composition. Across cities minority experiences of intergroup contact fully mediated the impact of perceived relative group size on school success. As expected higher minority presence impaired school success through restricting intergroup friendship and increasing experienced discrimination. The association between minority presence and discrimination was curvilinear however so that schools where minority students predominated offered some protection from discrimination. To conclude the comparative findings reveal positive and negative intergroup contact as key processes that jointly explain when and how higher proportions of minority students affect school success.
Citation - WoS: 6
Citation - Scopus: 7
Different Types of Religiosity and Lay Intuitions About Free Will/Determinism in Turkey
(Routledge Journals Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2018) Yılmaz, Onurcan; Bahçekapılı, Hasan G.; Harma, Mehmet
Religiosity has been found to be positively associated with belief in free will (FW) in the Western world. In the Muslim world however religiosity exhibits several characteristics that set it apart from the Western world including an overemphasis on fate or divine predestination. We therefore investigated FW/determinism beliefs and different types of religiosity and conservatism in two samples in Turkey a predominantly Muslim country (N=1690). In Study 1 a confirmatory factor analysis showed that FAD-Plus provided good fit to the data. Study 2 revealed that FW belief is not related to any of the religiosity measures (intrinsic extrinsic quest) whereas fatalistic determinism is consistently related to religiosity. The unique predictor of free will turned out to be belief in a just world. Overall these findings indicate that FW belief is not inherently related to religiosity in Turkey whereas fatalistic determinism is central to Turkish people's belief systems.
Gezi Protestolarına Katılanların Politik Profilleri ve Demokratik Tutumları
(Türk Psikologlar Derneği, 2017) Baysu, Gülseli
Gezi Parkı protestoları uluslararası medyada çoğunluğu Müslüman olan bir ülkedeki laik ve İslamcı gruplar arasındaki bir çatışma olarak görülmüş ve Türkiye’deki demokrasinin geleceği hakkında şüpheler uyandırmıştır. Bu bağlamda bu çalışmanın sosyal kimlik ve kolektif eylem kuramları temelinde iki amacı vardır: (1) ortak politik kaygıya, yani protestoya katılım nedenlerine, ve katılım biçimlerine, yani gerçekleştirdikleri eylemlere, göre katılımcıların politik profillerini tanımlamak ve (2) bu profildeki kişilerin farklı demokratik tutumları ne derece benimsediklerini araştırmak. Protestolar devam ederken internet üzerinden yürütülen araştırmaya 645 eğitimli, şehirli genç-yetişkin katılımcı katılmıştır. Katılımcıların politik kaygılarının ve farklı katılım türlerinin örtük sınıf analizi yöntemi ile analizi sonucunda dört farklı politik profil ortaya çıkmaktadır. Özgürlükçüler ve laikler demokrasi, kadın hakları ve çevre gibi konularda ortak kaygılarını dile getirmektedir. Ancak özgürlükçüler azınlık hakları, laikler ise daha çok etnik ve (laikliğe yönelik) dini tehdit konularında kaygılanmaktadır. Her iki grup da protestoya katılmış olmakla beraber, özgürlükçüler doğrudan katılım, laikler ise (tencere ve tava ile ses çıkarmak gibi) dolaylı katılım yollarını tercih etmişlerdir. Ortayolcular (veya muhafazakar laikler) de demokrasi, kadın hakları ve çevre konusunda kaygı duymaktadır. Protestolara tutum olarak destek verseler de doğrudan ya da dolaylı olarak katılımları sınırlıdır. Son olarak, muhafazakarlar, diğer konularda daha az kaygı duysalar da, protesto-temelli polis şiddeti gibi konularda kaygılarını dile getirmiş; doğrudan değil sosyal medya üzerinden politik katılımı tercih etmişlerdir. Ayrıca, politik profillerin demokratik tutumlarına bakıldığında, özgürlükçülerin kapsayıcı ve çok kültürlü bir demokrasiyi en çok benimseyen grup olduğu görülmektedir. Çalışmanın sonuçları günümüz protestoları ve katılımcılarına olduğu kadar, bunların demokrasi ile ilişkisine de ışık tutmaktadır.
Citation - WoS: 20
Citation - Scopus: 24
How Is the Big Five Related To Moral and Political Convictions: the Moderating Role of the Weirdness of the Culture
(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2019) Alper, Sinan; Yılmaz, Onurcan
There has been extensive research on how the Big Five personality traits are related to political orientation and endorsement of moral foundations. However, recent findings suggest that these relationships may not be cross-culturally stable. We argue that how much a culture is WEIRD (Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic) could moderate how the Big Five is related to political and moral convictions. In a sample of 7263 participants from 30 countries, our results showed that the level of WEIRDness of the culture moderated (1) the associations of agreeableness and openness with ideology; (2) the associations of extraversion, emotional stability, agreeableness, and conscientiousness with individualizing foundations; and (3) the association of extraversion with binding moral foundations. The results were mixed and some of the interactions were small in magnitude. However, they clearly indicate that the Big Five traits' relationship with moral and political convictions are not cross-culturally stable.
Citation - WoS: 10
Citation - Scopus: 13
Factors That Influence Attitude and Enforcement of the Smoke-Free Law in Turkey: a Survey of Hospitality Venue Owners and Employees
(Bmj Publishing Group, 2017) Aherrera, Angela; Çarkoğlu, Aslı; Hayran, Mutlu; Ergör, Gül; Ergüder, Toker; Kaplan, Bekir; Susan, Jolie; Zheng, Laura; Cohen, Joanna E.; Navas-Acien, Ana
Introduction In 2009 Turkey extended the smoke-free legislation to hospitality venues. Compliance however remains low in some hospitality venues. We identified characteristics associated with knowledge of health effects that can be prevented by the smoke-free law the attitude towards and enforcement of the law. Methods In 2014 we conducted 400 interviews with hospitality venue owners and employees in 7 cities in Turkey. The venues were identified based on a random sampling strategy in a previous phase of the study. Results Over one-third (37.3%) of hospitality owners and employees had adequate knowledge of the health effects from secondhand smoke (SHS) 71.3% had a positive attitude towards the law and 19.5% had personally enforced the law. Participants who worked 70 hours or more per week were more likely to have a positive attitude towards the law. Older individuals women participants working in bars/nightclubs venue owners receiving fines for non-compliance and current smokers were less likely to have a positive attitude towards the law. Participants working in traditional coffee houses former smokers and participants with a high school education or greater were more likely to enforce the law. Smokers who quit or reduced smoking because of the law were more likely to enforce the law compared with those who were not influenced by the law. Conclusions Although the attitude towards the law was positive interventions are needed to increase knowledge on the health effects of SHS and facilitate enforcement of the law particularly among subgroups less likely to have a positive attitude and enforce the law.
Psikoloji ve Açık Bilim
(İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi, 2022) Gökçe, Ahu; Akirmak, Umit; Cem Tüzün
Bu kitap yaklaşık son on yıldır var olan, üzerinde daha fazla düşünülerek evirilmiş ve gelişen teknolojinin desteğini de alarak daha önce var olmayan birçok imkân sunan açık bilim pratikleri üzerine yazılmıştır. Açık bilim ve pratikleri birçok araştırmacı tarafından bilinmemektedir ve tecrübeli araştırmacılara dahi yabancı bir kavram olabilmektedir. Açık bilim prensiplerini teorik olarak bilen ama nasıl uygulanacağı konusunda tereddütte olan araştırmacılar da vardır ki çok kısa bir geçmişi olan bir kavram olduğu düşünüldüğünde bu pek şaşırtıcı değildir. Bu kitabı yazma amacımız açık bilim prensip ve uygulamalarını hem teorik hem de pratik olarak tanıtmak ve bu sayede araştırmacıların kendi bilimsel araştırmalarında bu pratiklerden faydalanmasını sağlamaktır. Bu kitap yüksek lisans ve üzeri eğitim almış tüm araştırmacıların faydalanabileceği bir kaynaktır.
Citation - WoS: 1
Citation - Scopus: 2
Post-Donation Evaluation of Life of Donors of Liver Transplantation
(Taylor & Francis, 2016) Krespi-Boothby, Margörit Rita; Tankurt, Aslı; Acarlı, Koray; Yankol, Yücel; Kalayoğlu, Münci; Kanmaz, Turan
Aim: Liver transplantation from living donors affects not only recipients' but also donors' lives. The aim of this study was to explore living donors' experience of life. Methods: The sample consisted of 16 living donors who donated a part of their liver to a patient who had end-stage liver failure. Anonymised interview transcripts were analyzed following established conventions. Results: The analysis showed that participants evaluated their life in terms of limitations brought by organ donation surgery awareness of the need for lifestyle changes emotional changes changes in character and mixed relationships. Emotional changes involved the experience of both negative and positive emotions (feeling reputable feeling like being born again). Changes in character included both worsening of character (becoming half human turning into an aggressive person) and positive changes in character (becoming more of a believer and a humanist). Mixed relationships included feeling supported by loved ones and doctors reduction of burden of care formation of a special bond not feeling supported by potential supporters like mothers or spouses and worsening of close relationships. Conclusions: Some findings (experience of negative emotions lack of support from others) could be interpreted in terms of existing psychological theory. Other findings (worsening aspects of character experience of positive emotions improvement in aspects of character formation of a special bond worsening of close relationships) extended the literature and could be viewed as targets for educational programs for donors.
Citation - WoS: 6
Citation - Scopus: 6
Cultural Differences in Performance on Eriksen's Flanker Task
(Springer, 2020) Gutchess, Angela; Ksander, John; Millar, Peter R.; Arslan Uzundağ, Berna; Sekuler, Robert; Boduroğlu, Ayşecan
Eriksen's zoom model of attention implies a trade-off between the breadth and resolution of representations of information. Following this perspective, we used Eriksen's flanker task to investigate culture's influence on attentional allocation and attentional resolution. In Experiment1, the spatial distance of the flankers was varied to test whether people from Eastern cultures (here, Turks) experienced more interference than people from Western cultures (here, Americans) when flankers were further from the target. In Experiment2, the contrast of the flankers was varied. The pattern of results shows that congruency of the flankers (Experiment1) as well as the degree of contrast of the flankers compared with the target (Experiment2) interact with participants' cultural background to differentially influence accuracy or reaction times. In addition, we used evidence accumulation modeling to jointly consider measures of speed and accuracy. Results indicate that to make decisions in the Eriksen flanker task, Turks both accumulate evidence faster and require more evidence than Americans do. These cultural differences in visual attention and decision-making have implications for a wide variety of cognitive processes.
Citation - WoS: 1
Digital Epidemiology: Can Google Trends Give Some Information About Electronic Cigarette Usage in Turkey?
(European Respiratory Soc Journals Ltd, 2018) Uysal, Mehmet Atilla; Niksarlioglu, Yelda; Çarkoğlu, Aslı; Uysal, Omer; Kutluk, Ali Cevat; Karadag, Bulent
[Abstract Not Available]
Citation - WoS: 28
Citation - Scopus: 29
Beyond Muslim Identity: Opinion-Based Groups in the Gezi Park Protest
(Sage Publications Ltd, 2017) Baysu, Gülseli; Phalet, Karen
Media depicted Turkish Gezi Park protests as a clash between secularists and Islamists within a majority-Muslim country. Extending a social identity approach to protests this study aims (a) to distinguish the protest participants in terms of their opinion-based group memberships (b) to investigate how their religious identification and their group membership were associated with democratic attitudes. Six hundred and fifty highly educated urban young adult participants were surveyed during the protest. Latent class analysis of participants' political concerns and online and offline actions yielded four distinct opinion-based groups labeled liberals secularists moderates and conservatives. Looking at the intersection of the participants' group identities with their Muslim identification we observed that the higher conservatives' and moderates' religious identification the less they endorsed democratic attitudes whereas religious identification made little or no difference in liberals' and secularists' democratic attitudes. Our findings of distinct groups among protest participants in a majority-Muslim country challenge an essentialist understanding of religion as a homogeneous social identity.
Citation - WoS: 35
Citation - Scopus: 38
Activating Reflective Thinking With Decision Justification and Debiasing Training
(Society for Judgment and Decision making, 2020) İsler, Ozan; Yılmaz, Onurcan; Doğruyol, Burak
Manipulations for activating reflective thinking, although regularly used in the literature, have not previously been systematically compared. There are growing concerns about the effectiveness of these methods as well as increasing demand for them. Here, we study five promising reflection manipulations using an objective performance measure — the Cognitive Reflection Test 2 (CRT-2). In our large-scale preregistered online experiment (N = 1,748), we compared a passive and an active control condition with time delay, memory recall, decision justification, debiasing training, and combination of debiasing training and decision justification. We found no evidence that online versions of the two regularly used reflection conditions — time delay and memory recall — improve cognitive performance. Instead, our study isolated two less familiar methods that can effectively and rapidly activate reflective thinking: (1) a brief debiasing training, designed to avoid common cognitive biases and increase reflection, and (2) simply asking participants to justify their decisions.
Citation - WoS: 1
Effects of Second Language Acquisition on Narrative Structure and Linguistic Processes in Preschool and School-Aged Children
(İstanbul Üniversitesi, 2019) Aktan-Erciyes, Aslı
This research examines the effects of second language acquisition in early childhood on the structural and linguistic properties of narrative skills in the child's native language. To investigate these questions, narrative and vocabulary skills in monolingual and bilingual children (Frog story) were evaluated. One hundred and twelve five- and seven-year-old monolingual (Language 1 [L1]: Mother tongue, Turkish) (N = 61) and bilingual (L1, Turkish; Language 2 [L2]: Second language, English) (N = 51) children participated in the study. Narrative skills were evaluated only for Turkish for monolingual children, whereas bilingual children were tested in English as well, the latter test taking place on a separate day. For the structural evaluation of narrative discourse, a schema is used to evaluate the narrative skills of bilingual children. The elements in the schema are: Frog story elements, sequence, perspective / emotion and affect, and finally engagement. In order to evaluate the linguistic complexity simple and complex clauses were coded. The percentage of complex clauses with respect to total clauses was used as an indication of linguistic complexity. There were two age groups in the monolingual and bilingual groups. The findings revealed that in L1: Turkish, bilingual and monolingual children differed for narrative structure components regardless of age group. Monolinguals outperformed their bilingual peers for frog story elements, sequence, perspective affect, and engagement. Age differences indicated that for five-year-olds there were no differences between monolinguals and bilinguals for perspective affect and engagement which were difficult skills to display at that age. Monolingual children were better at incorporating more complex structures into their narratives compared to bilinguals. It was found that bilingual and monolingual children did not differ in L1 vocabulary skills. The results showed that early exposure to L2 might result in negative outcomes for L1 narrative development.
Citation - WoS: 6
Citation - Scopus: 9
Psychosocial Interventions To Improve Outcomes Among Dialysis Patients
(Wiley, 2018) Krespi-Boothby, Margörit Rita
Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) report high levels of emotional problems and poor compliance with treatment and quality of life. Nevertheless there are not many studies which examine the effectiveness of different psychosocial interventions in ameliorating these poor outcomes. Theories have been helpful in identifying targets for interventions to improve compliance with treatment adjustment and quality of life. However their effects have been mixed. In particular interventions incorporating beliefs are promising in improving these outcomes. Moreover relaxation and imagery techniques have reduced symptoms and have been effective improving adjustment and compliance. Future randomized controlled studies are needed to compare the effects of theory-based and patient-derived interventions on compliance with treatment and adjustment.

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