Psikoloji Bölümü Koleksiyonu

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://gcris.khas.edu.tr/handle/20.500.12469/60

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Avrupalı İkinci Nesil Türk Göçmenlerin Okul Başarısı
(Türk Psikologlar Derneği, 2014) Baysu, Gülseli; Baysu, Gülseli; Phalet, Karen
Avrupa’daki okulların en büyük sorunlarından biri göçmenlerin yerlilere kıyasla okulda daha başarısız olmasıdır. Bu derleme makalesinin amacı İsveç, Belçika, Avusturya ve Almanya’da büyük şehirlerde yaşayan yerli ve ikinci nesil Türk göçmenlere odaklanarak, okul başarıları arasındaki farkı betimlemek ve sosyal psikolojik bir bakış açısıyla açıklamaktır. Bulgular beş ana başlık altında toplanmıştır. (1) İlk olarak okul başarısını betimleme amacı doğrultusunda dört Avrupa ülkesinde de göçmen ve yerli öğrencilerin okul hayatları boyunca başarılarında gitgide artan bir fark bulunmuştur. Bu farkı açıklamak için, sosyal kimlik kuramına ve sosyal kimlik tehdit algısına yönelik araştırmalardan yararlanılmıştır. (2) Gruplar arası ilişkilere bakıldığında, arkadaşlıklar ve öğretmen desteği, göçmenlerin okulda kendini güvende ve kabul görmüş hissetmesine yol açarak okul başarısını artırmaktadır. Öte yandan, ayrımcılık okula adaptasyonu zorlaştırmaktadır. (3) Sosyal kimlik stratejileri okul başarısını ve adaptasyonunu belirlemektedir. Çiftkültürlü öğrenciler (hem Türk hem Belçikalı hissetmek) okulda ayrımcılığa veya olumsuz kalıpyargılara maruz kaldıklarında bundan daha fazla zarar görmekte, bu da okul başarılarını ve test performanslarını olumsuz etkilemektedir. (4) Segregasyon, gruplar arası arkadaşlıkları azaltıp ayrımcılık algısını artırarak, okul başarısı ve adaptasyonu üzerinde olumsuz bir etkiye yol açmaktadır. Ancak göçmenlerin çoğunluğu oluşturduğu okullar onları ayrımcılıktan korumaktadır. (5) Göçmenler, Almanya gibi hiyerarşik olarak yapılandırılmış eğitim sistemlerinde (akademik ve meslek odaklı ortaöğretim gibi) daha başarısız olmaktadır. Sonuç olarak, bu derlemede sosyal psikolojik yaklaşımın, özellikle sosyal kimlik tehdit algısı ve gruplar arası ilişkilerin, göçmenlerin okul başarısını belirlemekte önemli bir rol oynadığı ifade edilmektedir.
Citation - WoS: 17
Citation - Scopus: 17
Cognitive Styles and Religion
(Elsevier B.V., 2021) Yılmaz, Onurcan; Yılmaz, Onurcan
I discuss recent research suggesting that individual differences in cognitive style give rise to and explain religious and related supernatural and paranormal beliefs. To do so, I illustrate intuitive cognitive biases (e.g., anthropomorphism) underlying these beliefs and then review the accumulated evidence indicating that non-believers are more open-minded, reflective, and less susceptible to holding epistemically suspect beliefs (e.g., conspiracy theories) on average than those who believe in supernatural events or paranormal experiences such as astrology or magic. However, seeing religion as a search for truth positively predicts reasoning performance. Although these findings are robust across diverse measures, evidence for a causal relationship remains mixed. Stronger and more precise manipulations and cross-cultural investigations are needed.
Citation - WoS: 18
Citation - Scopus: 16
Neural Substrates of Cognitive Emotion Regulation: a Brief Review
(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2018) Öner, Sezin; Yaman, Sezin Öner
The current paper aims to review the recent evidence on the neural correlates of emotion regulation. The review is organized into two main sections. First cognitive models that neuroimaging research is based on are introduced with a specific emphasis on the process-specific explanations of emotion regulation. In the second section neuroimaging research is discussed in line with the evidence from human and nonhuman animals. Existing evidence suggests that regulation of emotions may be achieved either by bottom-up subcortical or top-down frontal mechanisms. The former way acts on the initial phases of emotion generation whereas the latter appears to influence the higher-order structures for cognitive change and modulation of emotional responses. Although there is still an ongoing debate on when the generation stops and regulation starts on the emotion process with respect to neural mechanisms underlying regulatory strategies appear to be more consistent. Potential questions are also addressed for future research to contribute to especially the individual differences adaptive emotion regulation.
Citation - WoS: 5
Citation - Scopus: 9
Psychosocial Interventions To Improve Outcomes Among Dialysis Patients
(Wiley, 2018) Krespi-Boothby, Margörit Rita; Krespi, Margörit Rita
Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) report high levels of emotional problems and poor compliance with treatment and quality of life. Nevertheless there are not many studies which examine the effectiveness of different psychosocial interventions in ameliorating these poor outcomes. Theories have been helpful in identifying targets for interventions to improve compliance with treatment adjustment and quality of life. However their effects have been mixed. In particular interventions incorporating beliefs are promising in improving these outcomes. Moreover relaxation and imagery techniques have reduced symptoms and have been effective improving adjustment and compliance. Future randomized controlled studies are needed to compare the effects of theory-based and patient-derived interventions on compliance with treatment and adjustment.
Citation - WoS: 0
Rethinking the Golden Age of Social Psychology
(Istanbul Univ, 2019) Yılmaz, Onurcan; Yılmaz, Onurcan; Bahçekapılı, Hasan G.
It is tragic yet curious to realize that a historical period of great human misery can motivate great scientific endeavour. This paper argues that the "golden age" of social psychology was driven by the traumas of fascism. We first trace the roots of the World War II to modernism. We then compare the social psychological studies conducted before and after the World War II in relation to this historical background and the rationality-irrationality debate. Overall, we present a series of examples which purport to show that the "golden age" of social psychology emerged as a response to humans' violation of different rationality norms. We conclude with a set of proposals for the amelioration of irrationality derived again from social psychological studies.
Citation - WoS: 0
Citation - Scopus: 0
Shift in Paradigm: Understanding Adjustment of Dialysis Patients
(Cumhuriyet Univ Tip Fak Psikiyatri Anabilim Dali, 2017) Krespi-Boothby, Margörit Rita; Krespi, Margörit Rita
End stage renal failure (ESRF) and its treatment can lead to adjustment difficulties. However the extent of these difficulties is not known. Adjustment is a complex and multidimensional construct. In general beliefs about illness and its treatment influence adjustment but the findings are inconsistent. This is probably because adjustment and beliefs have been defined in a variety of ways based on professional or theoretical views. One possible way of establishing a standard approach to defining adjustment and beliefs is to be guided by patients' own views. Qualitative studies identify ways of evaluation of life and beliefs about ESRF and its treatment that have not been identified by quantitative studies. These findings can be considered as patient-derived targets for psychoeducational programs or clinical practice for ESRF patients. However qualitative research cannot provide evidence about the frequency of patients' beliefs and ways of evaluation of life. Therefore questionnaires have been developed on the basis of qualitative findings. These helped to examine the utility of the findings for clinical practice and understand the relationship of quality of life with beliefs. More research is needed to investigate how the findings on these questionnaires converge and diverge with those on existing generic and/or ESRF specific quality of life and beliefs measures.

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