İktisadi, İdari ve Sosyal Bilimler Fakültesi

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Citation - WoS: 31
Citation - Scopus: 42
Acculturation Attitudes and Social Adjustment in British South Asian Children: a Longitudinal Study
(Sage Publications Inc, 2013) Brown, Rupert; Baysu, Gülseli; Cameron, Lindsey; Nigbur, Dennis; Rutland, Adam; Watters, Charles; Hossain, Rosa; LeTouze, Dominique; Landau, Anick
A 1-year longitudinal study with three testing points was conducted with 215 British Asian children aged 5 to 11 years to test hypotheses from Berry's acculturation framework. Using age-appropriate measures of acculturation attitudes and psychosocial outcomes it was found that (a) children generally favored an integrationist attitude and this was more pronounced among older (8-10 years) than in younger (5-7 years) children and (b) temporal changes in social self-esteem and peer acceptance were associated with different acculturation attitudes held initially as shown by latent growth curve analyses. However a supplementary time-lagged regression analysis revealed that children's earlier integrationist attitudes may be associated with more emotional symptoms (based on teachers' ratings) 6 months later. The implications of these different outcomes of children's acculturation attitudes are discussed.
Citation - WoS: 41
Citation - Scopus: 50
Alevis and Alevism in the Changing Context of Turkish Politics: the Justice and Development Party's Alevi Opening
(Routledge Journals Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2011) Soner, Bayram Ali; Toktaş, Şule
The Justice and Development Party (JDP Adalet ve Kalkinma Partisi) has launched a rapprochement policy toward the Alevis. The JDP's Alevi Opening has presented a unique case in Turkey's latest identity politics not only because Alevi claims for the first time came to be involved in political processes for official recognition and accommodation but also because the process was handled by a political party which is regarded to have retained Islamist roots in Sunni interpretation. This article explores the JDP's Alevi Opening process and tries to explain the motivations behind the party's decision to incorporate the Alevi question in its political agenda. What is more the debate that the opening has caused is also under scrutiny with the positions and arguments held by the actors and the agencies involved in the process e. g. the Alevis (the secularist and the conservative wings) the General Directorate of Religious Affairs the National Security Council the JDP leadership and the Islamist intellectuals.
Citation - WoS: 17
Citation - Scopus: 20
All the Dark Triad and Some of the Big Five Traits Are Visible in the Face
(Pergamon-Elsevıer Scıence Ltd, 2021) Alper, Sinan; Bayrak, Fatih; Yılmaz, Onurcan
Some of the recent studies suggested that people can make accurate inferences about the level of the Big Five and the Dark Triad personality traits in strangers by only looking at their faces. However, later findings provided only partial support and the evidence is mixed regarding which traits can be accurately inferred from faces. In the current research, to provide further evidence on whether the Big Five and the Dark Triad traits are visible in the face, we report three studies, two of which were preregistered, conducted on both WEIRD (the US American) and non-WEIRD (Turkish) samples (N = 880). The participants in both the US American and Turkish samples were successful in predicting all Dark Triad personality traits by looking at a stranger's face. However, there were mixed results regarding the Big Five traits. An aggregate analysis of the combined dataset demonstrated that extraversion (only female), agreeableness, and conscientiousness were accurately inferred by the participants in addition to the Dark Triad traits. Overall, the results suggest that inferring personality from faces without any concrete source of information might be an evolutionarily adaptive trait.
Citation - WoS: 6
Citation - Scopus: 7
Are We at All Liberal at Heart? High-Powered Tests Find No Effect of Intuitive Thinking on Moral Foundations
(Academic Press Inc., 2021) Yılmaz, Onurcan;İşler, Ozan;Doğruyol, Burak
Two opposing views define the debate on the moral principles underlying human behavior. One side argues a central role for five moral foundations (care, fairness, loyalty, authority, sanctity), while the other argues that two of these (care, fairness) capture the essence of human moral concerns. In an experiment comparing these two views, Wright and Baril (2011) found that conservatives under cognitive load devalue loyalty, authority and sanctity, and become more liberal. Their finding of common intuitive concern with care and fairness supports the two-foundation perspective. In two high-powered preregistered experiments (N = 3275), we used time-pressure to induce intuitive thinking and tested Wright and Baril's finding that “we are all liberals at heart.” Although the manipulations worked as intended, Study 1 failed to identify an effect on the moral foundations questionnaire (MFQ). We conjectured that familiarity with standard survey items may weaken intuition manipulations by eliciting stable opinions. In Study 2, we therefore used not only the MFQ but also novel moral foundations vignettes. Study 2 failed to find an effect of time-pressure on either questionnaire type. An internal Bayesian meta-analysis indicated strong evidence against an effect of intuitive thinking on moral foundations.
Citation - WoS: 55
Citation - Scopus: 78
Assessing the Importance of International Tourism for the Turkish Economy: a Social Accounting Matrix Analysis
(Elsevier Science, 2012) Akkemik, K. Ali; Akkemik, K. Ali
The international tourism sector has grown rapidly in Turkey since the 1980s and Turkey ranks among the top ten countries in terms of tourist arrivals and receipts. Previous studies on international tourism in Turkey are partial equilibrium studies which emphasized the importance of the sector for foreign exchange earnings employment creation and economic growth. The social accounting matrix (SAM) modeling approach is superior to partial equilibrium analysis as it takes into account intersectoral linkages. This paper analyzes the contribution of international tourism to the Turkish economy using two SAMs for 1996 and 2002 respectively. Two analyses are conducted using the SAM impact model: (i) sectoral comparison of GDP elasticities and (ii) SAM impact analysis of international tourism on output value-added and employment. The results show that the GDP elasticity of international tourism is relatively low and the impact of foreign tourist expenditures on domestic production value-added (GDP) and employment in Turkey are modest. The results imply the possibility of leakage of foreign tourist expenditures out of the economy. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Citation - WoS: 8
Citation - Scopus: 10
Attachment Anxiety Benefits From Security Priming: Evidence From Working Memory Performance
(Public Library Science, 2018) Gökçe, Ahu; Harma, Mehmet
The present study investigates the relationship between the attachment dimensions (anxious vs. avoidance) and the cognitive performance of individuals specifically whether the attachment dimensions would predict the working memory (WM) performance. In the n-back task reflecting the WM capacity both attachment related and non-attachment related words were used. Participants were randomly assigned into two groups that received either the secure or the neutral subliminal priming. In the secure priming condition the aim was to induce sense of security by presenting secure attachment words prior to the n-back task performance. In neutral priming condition neutral words that did not elicit sense of security were presented. Structural equation modeling revealed divergent patterns for attachment anxiety and avoidance dimensions under the different priming conditions. In neutral priming condition WM performance declined in terms of capacity in the n-back task for individuals who rated higher levels of attachment anxiety. However in the secure priming condition WM performance was boosted in the n-back task for individuals who rated higher levels of attachment anxiety. In other words the subliminal priming of the security led to increased WM capacity of individuals who rated higher levels of attachment anxiety. This effect however was not observed for higher levels of attachment avoidance. Results are discussed along the lines of hyperactivation and deactivation strategies of the attachment system.
Citation - WoS: 7
Citation - Scopus: 10
Being Seen - Headscarves and the Contestation of Public Space in Turkey
(Sage Publications Ltd, 2008) O'Neil, Mary Lou
[Abstract Not Available]
Beliefs of Donors About Liver Failure and Transplantation Surgery
(Elsevier France-Editions Scientifiques Medicales Elsevier, 2015) Krespi-Boothby, Margörit Rita; Tankurt, A.; Acarlı, Koray; Kalayoğlu, Murat; Kanmaz, Turan
[Abstract Not Available]
Citation - WoS: 6
Citation - Scopus: 5
Beyond a Paycheck: the Influence of Workforce Participation on Women's Cancer Screening in Turkey
(Springer/Plenum Publishers, 2016) Sen, Celia K. Naivar; Baruh, Lemi; Kumkale, Gökçe Tarcan
The present study investigates the influence of workforce participation on women's cancer screening behaviors in Turkey. In cultures with predominantly Muslim populations like Turkey emphasis is typically placed on a woman's traditional role as a child bearer. Although the impact of workforce participation on women's welfare has been studied in various contexts the relationship between workforce participation and health protective behavior has received scant attention. Using quantitative data from a survey of women aged 40 and above from 33 urban cities in Turkey (N = 483) we examine the influence of workforce participation on breast and cervical cancer screening behaviors. Homemakers were less likely than working/retired women to be up-to-date on screenings. Women with lower income and education screened less
Citation - WoS: 27
Citation - Scopus: 28
Beyond Muslim Identity: Opinion-Based Groups in the Gezi Park Protest
(Sage Publications Ltd, 2017) Baysu, Gülseli; Phalet, Karen
Media depicted Turkish Gezi Park protests as a clash between secularists and Islamists within a majority-Muslim country. Extending a social identity approach to protests this study aims (a) to distinguish the protest participants in terms of their opinion-based group memberships (b) to investigate how their religious identification and their group membership were associated with democratic attitudes. Six hundred and fifty highly educated urban young adult participants were surveyed during the protest. Latent class analysis of participants' political concerns and online and offline actions yielded four distinct opinion-based groups labeled liberals secularists moderates and conservatives. Looking at the intersection of the participants' group identities with their Muslim identification we observed that the higher conservatives' and moderates' religious identification the less they endorsed democratic attitudes whereas religious identification made little or no difference in liberals' and secularists' democratic attitudes. Our findings of distinct groups among protest participants in a majority-Muslim country challenge an essentialist understanding of religion as a homogeneous social identity.
Citation - WoS: 15
Citation - Scopus: 17
Biomarkers of Secondhand Smoke Exposure in Waterpipe Tobacco Venue Employees in Istanbul Moscow and Cairo
(Oxford University Press, 2018) Moon, Katherine A.; Rule, Ana M.; Magid, Hoda; Ferguson, Jacqueline; Susan, Jolie; Sun, Zhuolu; Torrey, Christine; Abubaker, Salahaddin; Levshin, Vladimir; Çarkoğlu, Aslı; Radwan, Ghada Nasr; El-Rabbat, Maha; Cohen, Joanna E.; Strickland, Paul; Breysse, Patrick N.; Navas-Acien, Ana
Background: Most smoke-free legislation to reduce secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure exempts waterpipe (hookah) smoking venues. Few studies have examined SHS exposure in waterpipe venues and their employees. Methods: We surveyed 276 employees of 46 waterpipe tobacco venues in Istanbul Moscow and Cairo. We interviewed venue managers and employees and collected biological samples from employees to measure exhaled carbon monoxide (CO) hair nicotine saliva cotinine urine cotinine urine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) and urine 1-hydroxypyrene glucuronide (1-OHPG). We estimated adjusted geometric mean ratios (GMR) of each SHS biomarker by employee characteristics and indoor air SHS measures. Results: There were 73 nonsmoking employees and 203 current smokers of cigarettes or waterpipe. In nonsmokers the median (interquartile) range concentrations of SHS biomarkers were 1.1 (0.2 40.9) mu g/g creatinine urine cotinine 5.5 (2 15) ng/mL saliva cotinine 0.95 (0.36 5.02) ng/mg hair nicotine 1.48 (0.98 3.97) pg/mg creatinine urine NNAL 0.54 (0.25 0.97) pmol/mg creatinine urine 1-OHPG and 1.67 (1.33 2.33) ppm exhaled CO. An 8-hour increase in work hours was associated with higher urine cotinine (GMR: 1.68 95% CI: 1.20 2.37) and hair nicotine (GMR: 1.22 95% CI: 1.05 1.43). Lighting waterpipes was associated with higher saliva cotinine (GMR: 2.83 95% CI: 1.05 7.62). Conclusions: Nonsmoking employees of waterpipe tobacco venues were exposed to high levels of SHS including measurable levels of carcinogenic biomarkers (tobacco-specific nitrosamines and PAHs).
Citation - WoS: 6
Citation - Scopus: 6
Border Crossings Between Georgia and Turkey: the Sarp Land Border Gate
(Routledge Journals Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2017) Toktaş, Şule; Çelik, Nihat
The Sarp land border gate between Turkey and Georgia has become Turkey's gateway to the East in recent years. With a large number of individuals crossing every day it is also a labour gate where irregular Georgian immigrants cross the border for work in Turkey. In general border policies are constructed and reconstructed in a dynamic process in which economic security ethnopolitical geopolitical and cultural paradigms interact. The aim of this paper is to observe the complementary and conflicting relationship and negotiation process between economic and security paradigms in particular with a focus on the perceptions of the officers of the border administration and state bureaucracy at the local level. To this end field research was carried out consisting of interviews with Turkish state officials responsible for immigration and border crossing in the Sarp gate region. The article sheds light on the interaction between various agencies actors and stakeholders in border policymaking at the regional level. It also elaborates on the profiles both of incoming immigrants employed as irregular workers and of deportees. The results of the qualitative study show that the dominance of the economic paradigm that underlies the main framework of Georgia-Turkey relations overrides security concerns between the two countries thus necessitating a more flexible implementation of laws. The field research illustrates that implementation of laws and regulations at the local level varies and while some groups of irregular immigrants are allowed to work others are not and what is more are deported.
Citation - WoS: 6
Citation - Scopus: 9
Can Law Impose Competition? a Critical Discussion and Evidence From the Turkish Electricity Generation Market
(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2014) Oğuz, Fuat; Akkemik, K. Ali; Göksal, Koray
Electricity markets have undergone regulatory reforms since the early 1980s around the world. Technical analyses of these reforms usually pay lip service to the influence of politics over regulatory processes. Existing studies examine certain aspects of the market such as demand pricing and efficiency and they touch upon political issues only passingly when economic models cannot provide sufficient explanation This approach problematically takes politics as an ad hoc variable. This study shows that electricity is intrinsically a 'political good' and argues that any meaningful reform effort should take institutions as the starting point rather than a residual. The argument that politics has to be an endogenous variable in any model aspiring to explain behavior in electricity markets is demonstrated in the paper. The evidence for the political good character of electricity is found by examining the Turkish regulatory reform for Which it is argued that there is not a satisfactory relationship between expected and realized gains. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Citation - WoS: 14
Citation - Scopus: 13
Capital Flows and Credit Expansions in Turkey
(Sage Publications Inc, 2014) Orhangazi, Özgür
Literature on capital flows identifies various channels through which capital inflows could create financial fragility and economic instability in developing and emerging economies. Domestic credit expansion is one such channel. Capital inflows can lead to rapid expansion of domestic credit even create credit bubbles and thus result in an increased fragility of the economy. I analyze the link between private capital inflows and bank credit to the private sector in the case of Turkey between 2003 and 2013 and ask whether surges in private capital inflows accelerate growth of credit. I employ a logit model to investigate the link between capital inflows and periods of rapid credit expansion. The findings suggest that net private capital inflows after controlling for other determinants of credit are positively correlated with periods of rapid credit expansion.
Citation - WoS: 10
Citation - Scopus: 11
Capitalism Crisis and Class: the United States Economy After the 2008 Financial Crisis
(Sage Publications Inc, 2014) Dufour, Mathieu; Orhangazi, Özgür
The literature on the outcomes of the financial crisis in low- and middle-income countries in the post-1980 era presents three broad findings: first the burden of crises falls disproportionately on labor in general and low-income segments of the society in particular. Wages and the labor share of income fall unemployment increases the power of labor declines and income inequality and poverty increase. Capital on the other hand recovers quickly and gains more ground. Second government policies favor capital especially financial capital at the expense of the larger public. Crises also present opportunities for further deregulation and liberalization in financial markets and the rest of the economy. Third following financial crises foreign capital inflows may increase as international capital seeks to take advantage of the crisis and acquire assets at fire-sale prices. The 2008 U.S. financial crisis provides an opportunity to extend this analysis to a leading high-income country. By examining the experience of the United States after the financial crisis in terms of the questions and issues typically raised in examinations of low- and middle-income countries this paper makes an original contribution while at the same time contributing to the gradually emerging literature on the consequences of the U.S. financial crisis. We first look at the distributional effects of the financial crisis and compare this with the impacts of the crisis on capital. Then we investigate the changes in income shares of labor and capital before shifting our attention to changes in inequality and poverty. Next we focus on the role of government policies through an analysis of government taxation and spending policies. Finally we examine the changes in capital inflows before concluding with a discussion of our overall findings and further research areas.
Citation - WoS: 5
Citation - Scopus: 4
Civilizational Futures: Clashes or Alternative Visions in the Age of Globalization?
(Elsevier Science, 2010) Aydın, Mustafa; Özen, Çınar
This article underlines the existing similarities between Samuel Huntington's civilizational approach hypothesis and the fundamentals of political Islam. The similarity pertains to the argument related to the gradual weakening of nation-states which also constitutes the main theme of the globalization debate. The civilizational approach and political Islam signify new efforts to reach a much larger political community and organization in world politics. Both of them argue that the formation of new political actor(s) is replacing the old nation-states across religious and cultural affinities. The terrorist organization Al-Qaeda is trying to legitimize its political violence by manipulating the weakness of the nation-states and the utopia of the formation of a much more comprehensive political community and political organization through Islam. Huntington's clash of civilizations thesis indirectly provides a base for Al-Qaeda's rhetoric and a certain type of justification for its terror activities since the theory argues for the inevitability of the conflict between civilizations regardless of their political regimes (liberal or totalitarian) with civilizations being determined by their cultural and religious differences a theme that is used by the ideologues of political Islam. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Citation - WoS: 21
Citation - Scopus: 23
Cognitive Styles and Religion
(Elsevier B.V., 2021) Yılmaz, Onurcan
I discuss recent research suggesting that individual differences in cognitive style give rise to and explain religious and related supernatural and paranormal beliefs. To do so, I illustrate intuitive cognitive biases (e.g., anthropomorphism) underlying these beliefs and then review the accumulated evidence indicating that non-believers are more open-minded, reflective, and less susceptible to holding epistemically suspect beliefs (e.g., conspiracy theories) on average than those who believe in supernatural events or paranormal experiences such as astrology or magic. However, seeing religion as a search for truth positively predicts reasoning performance. Although these findings are robust across diverse measures, evidence for a causal relationship remains mixed. Stronger and more precise manipulations and cross-cultural investigations are needed.
Citation - WoS: 4
Citation - Scopus: 4
The Cold War Origins of the Turkish Motor Vehicle Industry: The Tuzla Jeep 1954-1971
(Routledge Journals Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2014) Güvenç, Serhat
With its automobile exports measured in millions of units annually Turkey has become one of the top automobile producing nations in Europe. The current state of the Turkish motor vehicle industry stands in contrast to its modest origins which can be traced back to the early years of the Cold War. In the 1950s a private company ventured into the business of assembling Willy's Jeeps in Turkey. The early developmental trajectory of the Turkish automobile manufacturing resembled the experiences of many other countries that resorted to import substitution to reduce foreign currency dependency for automobile imports. However it differed significantly from others in two ways. First it was not undertaken in response to a coordinated government policy but rather as a one-off private initiative. Second it was justified in the context of the Cold War military and strategic requirements. In other words it stands out among its contemporaries in terms of the prominence of military and defense considerations that shaped US and Turkish military views on a private venture during the Cold War. Although the Jeep assembly experience in Turkey ended in failure its products had remained in service in the Turkish Army for nearly 50 years surviving the Cold War and beyond. The experience also left its deep imprint on Turkey's pursuit of an indigenously designed and manufactured automobile.
Citation - WoS: 3
Citation - Scopus: 14
Competing Frameworks of Islamic Law and Secular Civil Law in Turkey: a Case Study on Women's Property and Inheritance Practices
(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2015) Toktaş, Şule; O'Neil, Mary Lou
The article stems from empirical research conducted with a group of women living in Istanbul who have conservative life styles bounded by an Islamic worldview. It attempts to illuminate the negotiation and contestation between the official civil law and Islamic law. The findings demonstrate that women inherit and bequeath property in a social setting where their gender roles are defined by their adherence to Islam. We argue that in Turkey women's inheritance practices are not determined solely in accordance with the secular civil law but rather are the result of a complex and intertwined combination of legal sources where an Islamic worldview often leads to the adoption of Islamic law. In other words the application of the secular civil law in Turkey is limited by the common practice of Islamic law. Rather than follow the gender equality mandated by the civil law the inheritance practices of many Islamic women are constituted with a deference to some aspects of Islamic law creating a situation of legal pluralism in Turkey. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Citation - WoS: 29
Citation - Scopus: 33
Competition and Monopoly in the U.s. Economy: What Do the Industrial Concentration Data Show?
(Sage Publications, 2021) Davis, Leila; Orhangazi, Özgür
A recent series of academic studies, think-tank reports, and news articles shows widespread attention to rising industrial concentration and market power in the U.S. economy. In this paper, we focus on concentration in the U.S. nonfinancial corporate sector to make three contributions to the literature. First, we use examples from the debate on industrial concentration to show that there are often-divergent predictions in the theoretical literature surrounding the expected consequences of concentration and monopolization for nonfinancial firms. Second, we use industry-level concentration data to describe recent trends in average concentration. We show that, while concentration increases across the majority of industries after the late 1990s, the retail and information-services sectors are particularly key for understanding recent trends in average industrial concentration. Third, we link our industry-level analysis with firm-level data to describe the relationship between industrial concentration and nonfinancial corporations' profitability, markups, and investment. Consistent with the ambiguities in the theoretical literature, we find that these relationships are not uniform: while some highly concentrated industries confirm standard expectations with high markups, high profitability, and low investment rates, other highly concentrated industries earn lower-than-average markups and profits, suggesting that - in some industries - increased concentration and intensified competition may go hand in hand.