Meta-etiksel görüşler gerçek ahlaki davranışı yordar mı?
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2023
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Literatürdeki mevcut çalışmalar meta-etik inançların dini inanç ve ahlaki karar alma dahil pek çok çeşitli tutum ve davranışı etkilediğini gösterse de bu çalışmaların çoğu küçük örneklem büyüklüğünden mustariptir veya kesitsel bir tasarıma sahiptir. Bildiğimiz kadarıyla hiçbir araştırma bu tür inançların insanların gerçek davranışları üzerinde uzun süreler boyunca önemli ve istikrarlı bir etkisi olup olmadığını incelememiştir. Bu çalışmada, nesnel ve öznel ahlak gibi meta-etiksel görüşlerin, ön-seçimle araştırmaya dahil edilmiş inançlı (örneğin Hıristiyanlar) ve inançlı olmayanlar (ateistler ve agnostikler) arasında 7 aylık süre zarfında prososyallik ve cezalandırıcılık gibi çeşitli ahlaki davranışları yordayıp yordamadığını araştırdık. Katılımcılar Prolific'ten seçilmiş ve Prolific tarama bilgileri kullanılarak neredeyse eşit sayıda inançlı ve inançlı olmayanlar şeklinde ayrılmıştır. Bulgular, nesnel ahlakın prososyalliği anlamlı bir şekilde yordamamasına rağmen, bir tür işbirlikçi norm yaptırımı işlevi gören ceza davranışıyla anlamlıya yakın ilişkiler sergilediklerini ortaya koymuştur. Bu etki, inançlılara kıyasla inançlı olmayanlar arasında daha güçlü olma eğilimindedir. Bununla birlikte öznel ahlak, bağımsız bir şekilde prosoyalliği veya cezalandırma davranışını yordamazken, ahlakın ilahi bir otoriteye dayandığı inancı prososyallik ile ilişkili bulunmuştur. Ön testte ölçülen bireysel farklılık değişkenlerinin düzenleyici rolüne ilişkin ek testler de anlamlı bir ilişki göstermemiştir. Bu sonuçlar, meta-etiksel inançların, özellikle ceza ile ilgili ahlaki alanlardaki davranışların önemli bir itici gücü olarak hizmet edebileceği fikrini desteklerken, prososyal davranış üzerindeki etkileri nispeten daha az belirgin olabileceğini ortaya koymuştur. Gelecekteki araştırmalar, meta-etik inançların intikamcı cezalandırma gibi farklı ceza biçimleri üzerindeki etkilerini incelemelidir.
Although existing studies in the literature indicate that meta-ethical beliefs influence a wide range of attitudes and behaviors, including religious belief and moral decision-making, most of these studies suffer from small sample sizes or adopt a cross-sectional design. To the best of our knowledge, no research has examined whether such beliefs have a significant and stable impact on people's actual behavior over long periods. In this study, our goal is to investigate the predictive validity of meta-ethical beliefs, such as moral objectivism and subjectivism, on various moral behaviors, such as prosociality and punishment among pre-identified believers (e.g., Christians) and non-believers (atheists and agnostics) over a 7-month period. The participants were recruited from Prolific, and an almost equal number of believers and non-believers were preselected using the Prolific screening information. The findings revealed that while objective morality did not significantly predict prosociality, they did exhibit a significant trend with punishment behavior, which serves as a form of cooperative norm enforcement. This effect tended to be stronger among non-believers compared to believers. While moral subjectivism was not successful in independently predicting prosociality or punishment, grounding morality on divine authority was found to be related with prosociality. Additional tests regarding the moderating role of individual difference variables, which were measured in the pre-test, also did not show any significant association. These results support the notion that meta-ethical beliefs may serve as a significant driver of behaviors within moral domains specifically related to punishment, while their influence on prosocial behavior may be relatively less pronounced. Future research should delve into examining the distinct effects of meta-ethical beliefs on different forms of punishment, such as retributive punishment.
Although existing studies in the literature indicate that meta-ethical beliefs influence a wide range of attitudes and behaviors, including religious belief and moral decision-making, most of these studies suffer from small sample sizes or adopt a cross-sectional design. To the best of our knowledge, no research has examined whether such beliefs have a significant and stable impact on people's actual behavior over long periods. In this study, our goal is to investigate the predictive validity of meta-ethical beliefs, such as moral objectivism and subjectivism, on various moral behaviors, such as prosociality and punishment among pre-identified believers (e.g., Christians) and non-believers (atheists and agnostics) over a 7-month period. The participants were recruited from Prolific, and an almost equal number of believers and non-believers were preselected using the Prolific screening information. The findings revealed that while objective morality did not significantly predict prosociality, they did exhibit a significant trend with punishment behavior, which serves as a form of cooperative norm enforcement. This effect tended to be stronger among non-believers compared to believers. While moral subjectivism was not successful in independently predicting prosociality or punishment, grounding morality on divine authority was found to be related with prosociality. Additional tests regarding the moderating role of individual difference variables, which were measured in the pre-test, also did not show any significant association. These results support the notion that meta-ethical beliefs may serve as a significant driver of behaviors within moral domains specifically related to punishment, while their influence on prosocial behavior may be relatively less pronounced. Future research should delve into examining the distinct effects of meta-ethical beliefs on different forms of punishment, such as retributive punishment.
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Psikoloji, Psychology
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95