Yugoslavya'nın dağılması ve Sırp milliyetçiliği
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Date
2011
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Kadir Has Üniversitesi
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Abstract
Milliyetçilik hem bir toplumsal hareketi hem de bir ideolojiyi anlatmak için kullanılan bir kelimedir. 1789 Fransız İhtilali ile Avrupa, XX. yüzyıl itibariyle bütün dünyada egemen olan siyasi düşünce tarzıdır. Dünya siyasi haritası bu dönemde milliyetçilik ilkelerine göre biçimlendirilmiştir. Tarihsel koşullar binlerce yıl evrim geçirerek dünyanın bu köşesinde belli bir sosyo-ekonomik düzen yaratmış, bu üretim biçiminin ortaya çıkardığı millet denilen toplumsal örgütlenme biçimi ile onun ulusal boyutlara ulaşmış devleti, milliyetçilik adı verilen bu akımın ortaya çıkmasına neden olmuştur. Milliyetçilik Doğu Avrupa'da yayılmaya başladıktan sonra, en büyük etkisini Balkanlarda göstermiştir. Balkanlarda uç noktalarda yaşanan milliyetçilik, ayrılıkçı ve katliama dönüşmüştür. Özellikle Sırp milliyetçiliği Bosna'da ve Kosova'da birçok katliamın işlenmesine neden olmuştur. Güney Slavların dil birliğini temel alan Yugoslav milliyetçiliği ile din ve ortak tarih birliğini temel alan Sırp milliyetçiliği çatışmıştır. Bu durum 1980 yılında Tito'nun ölümünün ardından kendini göstermiştir. Komünist Yugoslavya'da farklı etnik ve dini unsurlar arasında kurulan hassas denge bozulmaya başlamıştır. Bu denge yerini, Slavların yani Sırbistan'ın "Büyük Sırbistan" hayaline bırakmıştır. 1990'lı yıllar Yugoslavya için zor yıllar olmuştur. Sırp halkının sahip olduğu milliyetçilik anlayışı, Yugoslavya'nın dağılmasını hızlandırmış, ülke kaos ortamına sürüklemiştir. Uluslararası platformun olaylara müdahalelerde bulunmasına rağmen, arka arkaya gelen bağımsızlık haberleri ile Yugoslavya tarihin tozlu sayfalarına gömülmüştür. Çalışmada milliyetçilik duygusunun bir ülkenin haritasını nasıl değiştirdiği gözler önüne serilmiştir. Milliyetçilik ekseninde, özellikle Sırp milliyetçiliği baz alınarak Yugoslavya'nın kuruluşundan yıkılışına kadar yaşadığı zorluklar ve mücadeleler anlatılmıştır.
Nationalism is a word, which is used to describe both a social movement and an ideology. It is a political thought which is reigning in Europe via 1789 French Revolution and in all over the world as of 20th century. The world political map was formatted according to the principles of nationalism in this period. Today, especially in underdeveloped societies, still it continues its existence as a common value.Historical circumstances by evolving during the thousands of years, has created a social economic order in that part of the world. As a result of this, that social organization, which is called nation, and its state has led to the emergence of this movement called nationalism.After the nationalism started to spread in Eastern Europe , nationalsim had shown the largest impact in the Balkans. Extreme level nationalism in the Balkans, had turned into a separatism and a carnage. Specially, the Serbian nationalism in Bosnia and Kosova had led to slaughters.Yugoslav nationalism, which is based on the South Slavs' language unity, conflicted with the Serbian nationalism, which is based on religious and common history unity. This issued had shown itself after the Tito's death in 1980. The established sensitive balance, in Communist Yugoslavia, between the different ethnic and religious elements was began to destroyed.1990's were difficult years for Yugoslavia. The understaing of nationalism of the Serbian people, had been quicking the collepse of Yugoslavia and led the country into a chaos. Although there are some intervening actions from international platform, via the consecutive independence news, Yugoslavia was buried in the dusty pages of history.This study demonstrates, how the nationalism can change a map of a country. From the axis of nationalism, especially by grounding on the Serbian nationalism, Yugoslavia's difficulties and challenges from establishment to collapse, are described.
Nationalism is a word, which is used to describe both a social movement and an ideology. It is a political thought which is reigning in Europe via 1789 French Revolution and in all over the world as of 20th century. The world political map was formatted according to the principles of nationalism in this period. Today, especially in underdeveloped societies, still it continues its existence as a common value.Historical circumstances by evolving during the thousands of years, has created a social economic order in that part of the world. As a result of this, that social organization, which is called nation, and its state has led to the emergence of this movement called nationalism.After the nationalism started to spread in Eastern Europe , nationalsim had shown the largest impact in the Balkans. Extreme level nationalism in the Balkans, had turned into a separatism and a carnage. Specially, the Serbian nationalism in Bosnia and Kosova had led to slaughters.Yugoslav nationalism, which is based on the South Slavs' language unity, conflicted with the Serbian nationalism, which is based on religious and common history unity. This issued had shown itself after the Tito's death in 1980. The established sensitive balance, in Communist Yugoslavia, between the different ethnic and religious elements was began to destroyed.1990's were difficult years for Yugoslavia. The understaing of nationalism of the Serbian people, had been quicking the collepse of Yugoslavia and led the country into a chaos. Although there are some intervening actions from international platform, via the consecutive independence news, Yugoslavia was buried in the dusty pages of history.This study demonstrates, how the nationalism can change a map of a country. From the axis of nationalism, especially by grounding on the Serbian nationalism, Yugoslavia's difficulties and challenges from establishment to collapse, are described.
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Keywords
Yugoslavya, Sırbistan, Milliyetçilik, Balkanlar, Sırp milliyetçiliği, Bosna-Hersek, Yugoslavia, Serbia, Nationalism, The Balkans, Serbian nationalism, Bosnia and Herzegovina