Browsing by Author "Baş, Özen"

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Citation - WoS: 1
An Analysis of Social Media Content Shared by Right-Wing Extremist Groups in the United States, the Great Britain and Australia
(Kadir Has Üniversitesi, 2020) Masalha, Oday; Baş, Özen; Baş, Özen
Literature on extremism online is mostly focused on the activities of jihadist and extremist groups such as al-Qaeda and ISIS. There is also research related to extreme right activities on social media, however their focus is on the analysis of shared memes and examination of populism on the Internet. With the New Zealand attack, the El Paso incident, and Britain's exit from the European Union, extreme right movements have emerged strongly on the Internet, especially on Facebook and Twitter. This thesis attempts to understand how extreme right groups are using Facebook and Twitter platforms to advance their extremist ideologies. In order to do so, a qualitative content analysis of posts shared by public Facebook groups and Twitter accounts of extreme right groups in Britain, the United States and Australia has been conducted. The social media posts shared by extreme right groups in the US, Australia and the Great Britain on Facebook and Twitter between the dates of March 15, 2019 to February 5, 2020 were coded according to a coding instrument. The coding instrument consisted of categories and subcategories which were derived from existing studies in the field and examined the prevalence of the extremist ideologies present in the social media posts shared by these groups and accounts. Findings suggest that the most prevalent extremist ideologies present in the posts shared by extremist groups on Facebook and Twitter were anti-elitist populist and protection of western values. Also, extremist groups rely heavily on texts and photo combined to publish their ideologies, with the aim of reaching a wide audience through the getting high number of likes and comments.
Citation - WoS: 1
An analysis of social media content shared by right-wing extremist groups in the United States, the Great Britain and Australia
(Istanbul Univ, Fac Communication, 2023) Baş, Özen; Bas, Ozen
The extreme right movements have increasingly appeared on social media, especially on Twitter and Facebook, coinciding with the 2019 New Zealand attack, the 2019 El Paso incident, and Britain's exit from the European Union in 2020. This study examines the content and the form of extreme right-wing activities on Facebook and Twitter to promote their ideologies. A qualitative content analysis was conducted on posts shared by extreme-right groups on public Facebook and Twitter accounts in Great Britain, the United States and Australia. The sample spans from March 15, 2019 to February 5, 2020. The posts were coded according to a coding instrument developed based on the existing literature spreading extremist ideologies on social media. The coding instrument consisted of categories and subcategories such as 'the protection of western values', 'anti-LGBT activism', 'anti-feminism', 'anti-Islam', 'anti-immigrant sentiments', 'fostering the white race', and 'anti-elitist populism'. Findings suggest that the most prevalent extremist ideologies on Facebook and Twitter posts were 'anti-elitist populism' and 'the protection of western values'. Also, extremist groups heavily shared posts that combined texts and images to spread their ideologies on social media.
Beyaz Yakalı Kadın Çalışanlara Karşı İş Yeri Tacizinin Dijitalleşmesi: Profesyonel Çevrimiçi Platformlar Üzerine Bir Araştırma
(2023) Baş, Özen; Baş, Özen; Emre, Perrin Öğün
Kadına yönelik cinsel taciz, tüm dünyada ele alınan önemli toplumsal sorunlardan biridir. Gerçekleştiği ortam ve türleri değişse de yüzyıllardır var olan bir gerçektir. İnternetle birlikte her şeyin dijitalleştiği gibi taciz de dijital ortama taşınmıştır. Kadınların çalışırken veya iş ararken tacize uğradığı iddia ediliyor. Mesleki amaçlarla kullanılan çevrimiçi platformlarda ve işyerinde yaşanan taciz, tacizin yaygınlığını ve mağdurlar üzerindeki etkilerini araştırmak için, özel sektörde çalışan 20-40 yaş arası beyaz yakalı 245 kadın ile anket çalışması yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın sonuçlarına göre kadınların en çok maruz kaldıkları taciz siber tacizdir. Her yüz kadından 73'ünün profesyonel dijital platformlarda tacize uğradığı gözlemlenmiştir. Yaşanan taciz türlerinde; ısrarlı çevrimiçi flört talepleri, mağdurun reddetmesine karşı devam eden, istenmeyen romantik mesajlar almak, cinsel ve tehdit içerikli şakalar ve hakaretler en yaygın taciz türleridir. Fiziksel istismarın psikolojik ve fizyolojik etkilerinin siber taciz mağdurlarında da görüldüğü ortaya çıkmıştır.
Binge-Watching Online Tv Series and Narrative Engagement
(Kadir Has Üniversitesi, 2023) Uysal, İlke; Baş, Özen; Baş, Özen
Yeni medya teknolojileri, izleyici alışkanlıklarını ve izleyicinin anlatıya dahil olma biçimlerini hem değiştirdi hem de çeşitlendirdi. Son yıllarda izleyicilerin dizi izlemek için isteğe bağlı video platformlarını kullanmasının artmasıyla birlikte binge watching, art arda izleme davranışı, yaygınlaşan bir fenomen oldu. Artık medya tüketicileri televizyon içeriklerine istedikleri zaman, farklı ekranlardan erişim sağlayabiliyor. İzleyicilerin kaçış ve eğlenme motivasyonlarıyla dizilerin bölümlerini art arda izledikleriyle ilgili ulusal ve uluslararası çalışmalar mevcut. Fakat bu aşırı izleme davranışının psikolojik süreçleri ve etkileriyle ilgili şimdiye kadar yapılan çalışmalar yeterli değildir. Bu çalışma, televizyon dizilerinin bölümlerini isteğe bağlı video platformlarından art arda izlemenin izleyicinin anlatıya dahil olma ve özdeşleşme değerlerine olan etkisini araştırır. Çevrimiçi bir anketle 435 Türk katılımcının aşırı izlemenin, anlatıya dahil olma ve karakterlerle özdeşleşmeyle olan ilişkisi araştırıldı. Sonuçlara göre art arda izleme sıklığı izleyicinin anlatıya dahil olmasını derinleştirmektedir. Ayrıca karakterlerle daha güçlü bir özdeşleşme kurmayı etkilemektedir. Dijital dağıtım sadece ileriye gidecek bir akım olduğundan akış platformları izleme alışkanlıklarını etkilemeye ve dönüştürmeye devam edecek. Anahtar Sözcükler: binge watching, aşırı izleme, art arda izleme, anlatıya dahil olma, özdeşleşme, çevrimiçi dizi platformları
Challenges and Opportunities Granted To Arab Women by Social Media During the Political Upheavals Between 2011 and 2018
(Kadir Has Üniversitesi, 2020) Medhat Farahat, Asmaa; Baş, Özen; Baş, Özen
Starting with 2011, the so-called Arab Spring threatened the authoritarian leaders in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries, enabling protesters to mobilize others to their cause and provide an effective tool for self-expression. The use of social media changed the demographic makeup of social movement participants in many countries. Of particular interest is the mobilization of women both online and offline. Literature have previously examined the impact of the use of social media during Arab Spring generally, with a clear gap on the participation of women in social movements and a clear absence of theoretical base for past findings. This study employs a qualitative approach to understand how the Arab Spring shaped the political use of social media by activist women. This study contributes to the literature by investigating the extent of political engagement of Arab women online, most notably during the Arab Spring upheavals in Tunisia, Egypt, Yemen, Libya and Syria. Thirteen Arab activist women were interviewed on their use of social media in efforts to facilitate social change. The interviews aimed to explore the effects of Arab Spring revolution on women's participation in social media and contextualize the opportunities that social media provided to empower Arab women in political participation through the cultural, technical, as well as political affordances. In addition, the threats Arab women faced as a result of engaging in social media before, during, and after the Arab Spring period are investigated. Results indicate that social media encouraged Arab activist women to be involved in the social movements where they demanded their political rights. However, women's active (online and offline) political participation also led to social media bans, violations of their privacy as well as arrests and banishments.
Counterspeech as a Method in Combating Online Hate Speech in Turkey: an Online Survey Experiment
(Kadir Has Üniversitesi, 2022) Okçuoğlu, Gülten; Baş, Özen; Baş, Özen
Hızla gelişen ve değişen teknolojiyle beraber çevrim içi platformlar internet kullanıcılarının düşünce ve fikirlerini belirtebilecekleri bir alana dönüştü. Her ne kadar bu özellik eşsiz bir iletişim fırsatı sunuyor olsa da beraberinde birçok zorluğu da getirmektedir. Bu zorluklardan birisi de olumsuz etkileriyle çevrim dışı ortamda da karşılaştığımız çevrim içi nefret söylemidir. Bu sorunla mücadele etmek ve etkilerini azaltmak için sivil toplum kuruluşları (STK), hükümetler, sosyal ağ sağlayıcıları, kurumlar ve bireysel aktivistler yeni stratejiler ve yöntemler geliştirmektedir. Bu yöntemlerden birisi de karşı konuşmadır. Her ne kadar karşı konuşmanın popülaritesi her geçen gün artıyor olsa da özellikle mülteciler özelinde bu stratejinin etkisini ölçen çalışma sayısı oldukça kısıtlıdır. Bu çalışma ile Twitter'da mültecilere yönelik üretilen nefret söylemleriyle mücadelede karşı konuşma yönteminin etki bir yöntem olarak kullanılıp kullanılmayacağı test edilecektir. Çevrim içi anket deneyi (N=181) yöntemi ile (1) mültecilerle ilgili empati ve yeniden insanlaştırma temelli karşı konuşmaya maruz kalanlarla (karşı konuşma koşulu) (2) mültecilerle ilgili nefret dolu yorumlara maruz kalanların yorum yapma davranışları analiz edilerek, karşı konuşmanın etkisi ölçülecektir. Sonuçlar, katılımcıların mültecilere yönelik var olan fikirleri kontrol altına alındığında, sadece karşı konuşma içeren yorumlara maruz kalanların, nefret söylemi içeren yorumlara maruz kalanlara oranla daha az nefret söylemi içeren yorum ürettiği gözlemlenmiştir. Bu sonuç, karşı konuşmanın sadece çevrim içi nefret söylemiyle mücadelede önemli bir rolü olduğunu değil aynı zamanda son yıllarda Türkiye'de faaliyet yürüten STK'lar tarafından sıklıkla gündemleştirilen çevrim içi nefret söylemiyle mücadele tasarımlarında karşı konuşmanın öncü bir role sahip olacağını göstermektedir.
The Effect Of Covıd-19 News Fatigue And News Avoidance On The Precautionary Measures Taken By People İn Saudi Arabia Suudi Arabistan'daki İnsanlar Tarafından Alınan Önlemlerde Kovid-19 Haber Yorgunluk ve Haberlerden Kaçınma Etkisi
(Kadir Has Üniversitesi, 2021) Al Zubairi, Khaled Abdulrezzaq Mohammed; Baş, Özen; Baş, Özen
The Covid-19 pandemic was not only a health crisis but a communication crisis at the same time in almost every part of the world that happens after the first infection was identified in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. Covid-19 pandemic's media coverage throughout the world played a fundamental role in expanding this situation through the intensity of ill-studied media treatments of the pandemic and its effects, which leads news consumers to feel news fatigue. This fatigue happened due to the psychological impact of exposure to negative Covid-19 News among the news consumers, thus avoiding Covid-19 News as a protective procedure entirely. The study investigated the relationship between Covid-19 news fatigue and Covid-19 news avoidance of people in Saudi Arabia and the effects of each on the level of precaution taken towards Covid-19, during the curfew imposed by the government of Saudi Arabia, which began on 23 March until 21 June 2020, and during the vaccination stage, which started on 16 December 2020 until the end of April 2021. A survey on 362 residents of Saudi Arabia was conducted. No relationship was found between news fatigue and news avoidance during the vaccine stage. However, there was a significant relationship between them during the curfew stage. News fatigue had a positive effect on the level of precaution towards Covid-19 during the curfew. However, the effect was more substantial in the vaccine stage when the vaccine was available, representing a potential solution to this pandemic. News avoidance has a negative effect on the level of precaution towards Covid-19, during the curfew and the vaccine stages. However, the effect was more pronounced in the vaccine stage. This study shows that news avoidance and news fatigue are two distinct constructs, and they differently affect the precautionary behavior of individuals during times of crisis.
Enemies-To Party Affiliation, News Use, and Partisan Conspiracy Beliefs in Turkey
(Kadir Has Üniversitesi, 2023) Gölbaşi, Didem; Baş, Özen; Baş, Özen
Önemli olayların arkasında çeşitli güçlü grupları hedef göstererek birbirinden farklı düşmanlar yaratan komplo inançlarının temelinde farklı ideolojik eğilimler yatmaktadır. Bu eğilimlerden biri de siyasi parti yakınlığıdır ve belirli bir siyasi partiye yakınlık ile ilişkili olan komplo inançları, komplo anlatılarında ayrı bir kategorizasyon açarak partizan komplo teorileri olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Bu çalışma, Türkiye'nin gittikçe kutuplaşan sosyopolitik atmosferinden yola çıkarak hükümet karşıtı ve hükümet yanlısı olarak belirlenen iki kutuptaki partizan komplo inançlarını incelemektedir. Farklı siyasi parti gruplarına yakın hisseden bireylerin partizan komplo inançlarında nasıl farklılık gösterdiğini, komplocu düşünme eğilimi ve parti yakınlığının ötesinde hangi haber kullanımı değişkenlerinin partizan komplo inançlarını tahmin ettiğini araştırmaktadır. Kolayda örneklem üzerinden niceliksel bir çevrimiçi anket çalışması olarak tasarlanan araştırma, toplanan verilerin istatiksel analizi sonucunda partizan komplo inançlarının Türkiye'de bir fenomen olarak varlığına dair niceliksel kanıtlar sunmuştur. Buna göre, hükümet yanlısı grup istatiksel olarak anlamlı seviyede daha fazla hükümet yanlısı komplo inancı gösterirken, muhalif grup daha fazla hükümet karşıtı komplo inancı göstermektedir. Yakın tarihte iktidar partisinden ayrılarak kurulan yeni muhalefet partilerine yakın hissedenler ise, muhalif grup kadar partizan komplo inançlarına inanmamakta ve bağımsız konumlanan katılımcılarla hemen hemen aynı inanç seviyesinde bulunmaktadır. A Haber TV kanalında haber izlemek, parti yakınlığı ve komplocu eğilimin ötesinde hükümet yanlısı komplo teorilerine inanmayı açıklarken, Fox TV kanalından haber izlemek ve Twitter'dan haberleri takip etmek ise hükümet karşıtı komplo inançları ile anlamlı derecede ilişkili bulunmuştur. Sonuç olarak, bu araştırma, Türkiye'deki komplo teorilerinin akademik araştırmalardaki kapsamını genişleterek komplo inançlarının siyasi parti yakınlığı ve haber kaynağı kullanımıyla nasıl ilişkili olduğuna dair kayda değer çıktılar ortaya koymuştur. Anahtar Sözcükler: Komplo teorileri, Komplo inançları, Medya kullanımı, Haber kaynağı, Partizanlık, Kutuplaşma
Fact-Checkers and Journalists' Perspectives on Their Normative Roles in Turkey
(Kadir Has Üniversitesi, 2021) Feyzioğlu, Ece Nil; Baş, Özen; Baş, Özen
In democracies, people should have access to factual and healthy information to make wise collective choices for the common good. However, the circulation of misinformation hinders citizens' capacity to access factual information. Various problems of the Internet age, such as online disinformation, echo chambers, or bots, are dismantling the Internet's function as a democratic and inclusive public sphere, highlighting the threatening power of online communication technologies in determining the fate of democracies. The fact-checking ecosystem has started to grow globally as a new global democratic practice since the early 2000s to increase the disinformation resilience of societies and democracies and to combat the circulation of false information. Although the fact-checking ecosystem is growing worldwide, very little research has been done in Turkey investigating the perceived roles, responsibilities, and challenges of journalists and fact-checkers concerning each other. This study investigates how journalists and fact-checkers perceive their roles in their societies and how they make sense of their existence as a profession. In devising strategies to make fact-checking initiatives more credible, popular, and influential among different user groups, the first step would be to analyze media professionals' perceptions towards each other's roles. Moreover, this study is also the first step in learning about possible areas of collaboration between traditional media and relatively new fact-checking initiatives. However, this study finds that journalists are suspicious of and distant to fact-checking platforms in Turkey since journalists were too defensive of their professional roles as arbiters of truth. Thus, there is still much work to be done in Turkey to increase the conversation among fact-checkers and journalists, especially to prevent the perception of the fact-checking organizations as a new form of infotainment style news or a new source of censorship.
From Sexual Harassment Against Women in Business Life To Cybersexual Harassment in Professional Platforms: a Study on Digitalization of Workplace Harassment Against White-Collar Women
(Kadir Has Üniversitesi, 2022) Kocabaşoğlu, Özge Nur; Baş, Özen; Baş, Özen
Sexual harassment against women is one of the important social problems addressed all over the world. It is a fact that has existed for hundreds of years, although the place and types of it change. Harassment has been transferred to the digital environment, as everything has become digital with the Internet. It is claimed that women are subjected to harassment while working or looking for a job. To investigate the prevalence of workplace harassment and harassment on online platforms used for professional purposes and its psychological effects on victims, an online nonprobability sampling survey on 249 white-collar women aged 20-40 working in the private sector was conducted. According to results of the study, harassment that women are most exposed to is cyber harassment. It has been observed that 73 women out of every hundred have been subjected to harassment on professional digital platforms. In the types of harassment experienced; persistent online dating requests, receiving unwanted romantic messages, sexual jokes and insults are the most common types of harassment. Considering the effects experienced, it is seen that the violence and harassment online, compared to offline harassment, does not mean that it has milder effects on the victims. It has been revealed that the psychological and physiological effects of physical abuse are also seen in victims of cyber harassment.
Citation - WoS: 0
The Genderization of American Political Parties in Presidential Election Coverage on Network Television (1992-2020)
(Usc Annenberg Press, 2022) Baş, Özen; Bas, Ozen
This content analysis investigates the genderization of political parties in network news coverage of U.S. presidential campaigns over the past 28 years. Based on Bem's seminal Sex-Role Inventory, classic news values and leadership qualities were operationalized as masculine, feminine, and gender-neutral. Republicans were presented as more masculine and less feminine and gender-neutral than Democrats. These trends fluctuated some, but the differences between parties intensified over the course of the 8 presidential elections. The findings have implications for future studies that investigate the viability of gendered and transgendered candidates against the backdrop of political party identity.
Citation - Scopus: 0
The Genderization of American Political Parties in Presidential Election Coverage on Network Television (1992–2020)
(University of Southern California, 2022) Baş, Özen; Bas,O.
This content analysis investigates the genderization of political parties in network news coverage of U.S. presidential campaigns over the past 28 years. Based on Bem’s seminal Sex-Role Inventory, classic news values and leadership qualities were operationalized as masculine, feminine, and gender-neutral. Republicans were presented as more masculine and less feminine and gender-neutral than Democrats. These trends fluctuated some, but the differences between parties intensified over the course of the 8 presidential elections. The findings have implications for future studies that investigate the viability of gendered and transgendered candidates against the backdrop of political party identity. © 2022 (Maria Elizabeth Grabe and Ozen Bas). Licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial No Derivatives (by-nc-nd). Available at http://ijoc.org.
Imagining Prejudice Prediction Models for Social Media Research by Examining the Case of Venezuelan Gold Farmers Through a Neo-Tribal Perspective on Reddit
(Kadir Has Üniversitesi, 2021) Doğan, Doruk; Baş, Özen; Özen, Baş
Reddit is an online social media website with an emphasis on link sharing where users organize themselves according to their interests into online communities. The upvote/downvote mechanism of Reddit allows its users to rank the submissions they see. Subreddits contain the most recent topic the community discusses as well as the shared experiences of the community. One such community is r/2007scape, a gaming subreddit for Old School Runescape (OSRS). Venezuela has been amid a deep economic crisis since 2015. High inflation rate has rendered the domestic currency Bolivar valueless, and Venezuelans have turned to ventures where they can earn foreign currency to survive. This study examines the virtual 'service economy' of OSRS where Venezuelans earn foreign currencies by selling in-game wealth to other players from the perspective of Reddit users. Thematic analysis guides this research to make sense of disorganized sentiments to derive meaning from them. This method of analysis has been chosen not only for its analytical versatility, but also due to the versatility in the Reddit dataset. By analysing the comments in the 15 most popular Reddit posts within a 5-year period since the start of the Venezuelan economic crisis, this research examines the formation and the sustainment of the anti-Venezuelan sentiments within the community. The analysis suggests that the sentiments toward Venezuelan players are formed by identifying gameplay behavior(s) of Venezuelan players and attributing the sources of the concerns the players have about the game to the behaviors of the Venezuelan players, effectively making them scapegoats and easy targets of scrutiny. However, the overall sentiments of the users toward Venezuelans are positive as evidenced by the scores of the comments. Then, whether the findings of this research can be useful in creating a prejudice prediction model for social media research is discussed.
The Influence of Electronic Word-Of on Purchasing Decisions of Online Consumers: The Case of Airbnb Users in Turkey
(Kadir Has Üniversitesi, 2020) Al-hadeethi, Oday; Baş, Özen; Baş, Özen
Airbnb is one of the most prominent online peer-to-peer companies in the short-term rentals business. The company works as a mediator between the host and the guest. The face-to-face interaction found in Airbnb entails more risks than other e-commerce platforms. Therefore, the heaviest burden on the company is to build trust among its users. The main goals of the study reported here are to examine the importance of online reviews found in the Airbnb, and the factors that increase the trust of the consumers in the company as well as those that impact the purchasing decision-making processes. This study gathered all the membership requirements that may motivate consumers to trust and purchase the services from Airbnb, where these requirements were never being tested altogether. The study targeted Airbnb's consumers in Turkey, who never been tested. An online survey was conducted (N=405) on Airbnb users who reside in Turkey. The results produced a significant relationship between the frequency of Airbnb use and the need to read reviews before making a purchasing decision, especially among new subscribers of Airbnb. The governmental ID was found to be the most important membership requirement which positively influenced the trust of users. Results suggested that both the review system of Airbnb and the way the platform is designed increase consumers trust and purchasing decisions. Overall, the study found that online reviews and the information found in it are important no matter where they are located, and they have a greater influence than commercial advertisements on online users' purchasing decisions in Turkey. This study contributes to enriching the academic literature on the role of eWOM as a free marketing tool. The findings also help sharing economy companies to take into consideration the crucial role of a well-designed online review system in increasing sales.
Citation - WoS: 1
Citation - Scopus: 1
Multimodal Online Dissident Culture in Instagram: a Critique of the Turkish Economy
(Sage Publications inc, 2024) Arda, Balca; Baş, Özen; Bas, Ozen; Güney, Talat Balca Arda
Ever-present mass surveillance has blocked the flourishing of a traditional dissident culture in Turkey. Focusing on popular 'just for fun' Instagram accounts during the lira's freefall that began in the autumn of 2021, this study seeks to identify the creative strategies for digital social resistance embedded in multimodal content sharing of posts, which are composed of visuals, text, and sound. For this, we employed a multimodal-type analysis of Instagram posts regarding Turkey's economic crisis, followed by an interpretative content analysis aiming to (1) identify, categorize, and compile a typology of the main countersurveillance strategies inherent in multimodal posts, such as memes, edited videos, and animations, Photoshop-crafted still images, and (2) explore the contextual traits of the connected dissident culture. We discuss how these multimodal-type posts support connected dissident group formation while maintaining confidentiality while criticizing governmental conduct of economic policy making in Turkey.
Citation - WoS: 0
Citation - Scopus: 1
Nationwide Research on the Uses and Motivations of Dating Apps by Young Adults in the Cultural Environment of Turkey
(Sage Publications inc, 2023) Audry, Aylin Sunam; Audry, Aylin Sunam; Bas, Ozen; Baş, Özen; Inceoglu, Irem; İnceoğlu, İrem; Kaya, Yigit Bahadir; Cöbek, Gözde; Cobek, Gozde; Alkurt, Saygin Vedat
Since Tinder's worldwide popularity, location-based dating apps have become widespread. The existing literature mainly focuses on a single app in European and US contexts and pays little attention to other cultural contexts. This paper addresses this gap by examining dating app choices and motivations of young adults (18-29 years old) in Turkey. It examines the intersectionality of socio-demographic variables in a cultural setting that is quite different not only from European and US contexts but also from other Muslim-majority contexts. Deriving from the nationally representative survey (n = 1,498), our research finds statistically significant differences in dating app preferences and adults' motivations regarding location, sexual, gender, and religious identities. This study underlines the crucial role of cultural geography and its social fabric in mobile dating, even within the same national setting.
Citation - WoS: 7
Citation - Scopus: 7
The Role of Legacy Media and Social Media in Increasing Public Engagement About Violence Against Women in Turkey
(Sage Publications Ltd, 2022) Baş, Özen; Ogan, Christine L. L.; Varol, Onur
Evidence that women have paid the price of what has been labeled the shadow pandemic is found in the increase in violence against them. The rates of femicide and lack of trust in the Turkish judicial system of the authoritarian government are worrisome. Protests have been made in the streets and through social media in response. Our goal was to determine the role of legacy news media and social media in bringing awareness of the femicide issue to the public and how affective publics function surrounding a relatively unaddressed societal problem using datasets created by women's organizations. We conducted a content analysis on 150 sampled femicide cases in Turkey before and during the pandemic taken from online news sources. We investigated the quality of traditional news media coverage and the volume of social media users expressing emotional reactions to individual femicides over time. Results suggest that the journalistic performance of covering the issue of femicide fails to detail essential facts, and awareness and concern for the issue are evident in the Likes, retweets, shares, and expressions of emotional engagement provided to the victims, while online reactions to femicide have increased substantially since 2019, contributing to the formation of affective publics. The study makes a conceptual contribution to the understanding of legacy media and social media's roles in spurring public engagement about serious social problems in autocratic political contexts while advancing the methodological tools of combining social scientific techniques with computational ones.
Citation - WoS: 0
Citation - Scopus: 0
Seeing the Black Lives Matter Movement Through Computer Vision? an Automated Visual Analysis of News Media Images on Facebook
(Sage Publications Ltd, 2023) Kim, Minchul; Baş, Özen; Bas, Ozen
In this study, automated visual analysis was used to explore how the political leanings of news media are associated with their visual representation of the Black Lives Matter (BLM) movement. We analyzed more than 9,000 images posted on Facebook pages run by U.S. news media between August 2014 and October 2020 using commercially developed computer vision tools and a topic modeling algorithm. The results show that images used in BLM-related news coverage can be categorized into 10 distinctively themed groups that overlap with the main types of protest images uncovered by manual content analysis. Furthermore, news sources engaged in different visual representation practices depending on their partisan leanings. The patterns uncovered in this study imply that (de)legitimization of protests may take either active or passive forms. These findings contribute to theorization of the way news media might use social media platforms to (de)legitimize social protests, which may influence public opinion on social issues.
Türk Dizilerinin Sırp Hayranların Türk Kültürüyle Deneyimlerine Etkileri
(2023) Memici, Fatma; Baş, Özen; Baş, Özen
Dünyada pek çok ülkeden milyonlarca kişinin severek izlediği Türk dizileri, ihraç edildikleri pek çok ülke üzerinde popüler kültür ürünleri olarak önemli bir yumuşak güç potansiyeline sahiptir. Tüm dünyada olduğu gibi, Türk dizileri, Türkiye ile 500 yıllık ortak bir geçmişe sahip olan ve Türkiye'ye karşı ön yargıları olduğu bilinen Sırbistan'da bile sevilerek izlenmektedir. Özellikle 2010 yılından sonra Sırbistan'da popülar olan Türk dizileri, Türk kültürünü ve dilini Sırbistan'a tanıtmakta önemli bir rol oynamıştır. Sırbistan'ın Türk dizilerine olan bu ilgisi, Facebook'ta bu diziler için açılan fan gruplarından ve bu gruplardaki Sırp üyelerin çokluğundan da anlaşılmaktadır. Araştırmada, Sırp hayranlarının gündelik yaşamlarında Türk kültürüyle ne ölçüde etkileşime girdiği bu fan grupları üzerinden, katılımcı kültür bağlamında incelenmiştir. Bu sayede, Sırp hayranların günlük yaşamlarında Türk kültürüne ilişkin deneyimleri üzerinden fandom kültürü ve yumuşak güç arasındaki ilişki tartışılmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, Sırp hayranların Türk dizilerini izleme alışkanlıklarını, sosyal medyada bu dizilerle ilgili içerik üretmeye ve tüketmeye katılımlarını, bu dizilere olan hayranlık düzeylerini ve Türk kültürüne dair bazı uygulamaları günlük yaşamlarında ne ölçüde uyguladıklarını ölçmek amacıyla çevrim içi anket yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Bulgular, Türk dizileri hakkında daha fazla içerik oluşturan ve tüketen hayranların bu diziler için daha güçlü bir hayranlık duygusu geliştirdiğini ve bu nedenle günlük yaşamlarında Türk dilini, medyasını, ürünlerini, müziğini vb. deneyimleme eğiliminde olduğunu göstermektedir. Sonuçlar, Türkiye'nin, Türk dizileri için açılan fan grupları aracılığıyla, Sırbistan ve diğer Balkan ülkeleri üzerinde kültürel bir etki yarattığını ve dolayısıyla bir yumuşak güç geliştirdiğini ortaya koymaktadır.
Türkiye’de Genç Yetişkinlerin Sosyal Medya Kullanımları ve Paylaşım Türlerinin İncelenmesi
(2023) İnceoğlu, İrem; İnceoğlu, İrem; Kaya, Yiğit Bahadır; Cöbek, Gözde; Cöbek, Gözde; Baş, Özen; Alkurt, Saygın Vedat; Audry, Aylin Sunam; Baş, Özen; Sunam, Aylin
Bu çalışma, Türkiye’deki 18-29 yaş aralığındaki gençlerin hangi sosyal medya platformlarını kullandıklarına, ne kadar sıklıkla kullandıklarına ve bu platformlarda ne tarz içerikler paylaştıklarını incelemektedir. Literatüre katkı olarak, gençlerin sosyal medya kullanım pratiklerinin, paylaşım türlerinin ve motivasyonlarının sosyodemografik özelliklerle (cinsel kimlik, yaş, yaşanılan yer, sosyoekonomik statü, eğitim seviyesi ve dinî kimlik) ilişkisini araştırmaktadır. Türkiye’nin 12 ilinde yaşayan gençlerle gerçekleştirilen yüz yüze anket çalışmamızın (N=1537) bulgularına göre, en çok kullanılan sosyal medya platformları sırasıyla Instagram, YouTube ve Twitter’dır. Bulgular, bir zamanlar gençlerin yoğunlukla kullandığı Facebook’un popülerliğini yitirmeye başladığını ortaya koymaktadır. Gençlerin öğrencilik durumları, sosyoekonomik statüleri, yaşadıkları il ve cinsel kimlikleri ile sosyal medya tercihleri arasında anlamlı bir ilişki gözlemlenmektedir. Ayrıca cinsel kimlik, dinî görüş, sosyoekonomik statü, öğrencilik durumu ve yaşanılan il ile sosyal medyaya paylaşılan içerik türleri arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmaktadır. Çalışmamız, ulusal ve uluslararası çalışmaların bulgularını kısmen doğrulamakta ve önemli farklılıklar ortaya koymaktadır. Türkiye’deki genç yetişkinlerin sosyal medya pratiklerine dair güncel bir veri sunmaktadır.