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Citation Count: 0
Assessing changes in Turkish public opinion: Current trends and future prospects
(International Institute of Informatics and Systemics IIIS, 2017) Baybars Hawks, Banu
It would be unfair underestimating the accumulated knowledge and efforts which target to assess public opinion on certain issues and put forward effective plans. However many of the research aiming to analyze public opinion handle the issue mostly during political election periods and they do not have much idea about the different actors and factors that would be effective in the formation of public opinion. There is only a few research done in Turkey that measures public opinion regularly. Therefore this study aims to bring together different variables who address different aspects of the issue. This research will reveal what the public thinks about current issues in Turkey and whether the recent trends have any reflections on social political and cultural structure of the country. The data collected with this research may not only provide important insights into public's opinion regarding current and potential issues in Turkey but could also guide policymakers in shaping the public policies. By doing this study regularly the author intents to contribute to social sciences literature and argues that increasing the frequency and quality of academic exchange on public opinion research would be a vital part of wider actions that could be taken on different policy measures. The outputs of this study may also encourage scholars and researchers from different fields and backgrounds to study and discuss public opinion with its complex dynamics and milieu of dimensions.
Citation Count: 25
Branding cities in the age of social media: A comparative assessment of local government performance
(Springer International Publishing, 2015) Sevin, Efe
This chapter is a comparative study of how three local governments- Cape Town (South Africa) Philadelphia (Pennsylvania USA) and Myrtle Beach (South Carolina USA)-use social media platforms in their city branding attempts. Theoretical arguments in the fi elds of corporate and city branding point out the potential of these new communication platforms to change how brand-related content is created and shared with target audiences. However the practice is understudied. The study fi rst explains the potential of social media in branding through media ecology city brand communication and brand co-creation theories. Second the performance of the aforementioned three cities on social media is evaluated by analyzing their Twitter and Facebook presence. The fi ndings suggest that there is room for improvement for local governments in their employment of social media for city branding campaigns. The chapter concludes with recommendations for practitioners. © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016. All rights are reserved.
Citation Count: 3
Corporations as Diplomatic Actors: Conceptualizing International Communication Tools
(IGI Global, 2016) Sevin, Efe; Karaca, Hazal Sena
This chapter presents a theoretical look on the available international communication tools that can be used by multinational corporations (MNCs) to engage in diplomatic relations. Specifically, the chapter will provide details about three concepts: lobbying, nation brands, and commercial diplomacy. The research objective is to propose a conceptual framework that (i) explains when and how a specific tool should be used and (ii) demonstrates the inherent connection between the tools. The main assumption in this research is that communication is an essential aspect of conducting international businesses. There are two different categories at the center of these communication attempts. First, MNCs address politicians and other key decision-makers within the local political systems in order to start their businesses. Second, local populations should be persuaded to consume their goods and services. The focus in this chapter is the interplay between the three communication tools that are used to address these two audiences. It is argued that even though there are differences between the needs and expectations of decision-makers and consumers, the communication campaigns used to address one audience affects the other.
Citation Count: 0
A Country Under Siege: Reflection of Identity Crisis on the Formation of Public Opinion in Turkey
(Int Business Information Management Assoc-IBIMA, 2016) Baybars Hawks, Banu
To date academic attention in social sciences remains inadequate with regard to research and analysis of public opinion in Turkey. Most of the existing research has assessed the public opinion during political election periods. Therefore it is of great interest to find out what the public thinks about current issues in the country and how to interpret the results to be able to reveal whether they may have any reflections on social political and cultural structure of the country. The current study aims to fill this gap. The research on political and social trends in Turkish public opinion has been conducted since 2010 by Kadir Has University Turkey Research Center. The survey's objective is to reveal public opinion on the most important current issues in the country the economy terror the Kurdish Issue domestic and foreign policies the judicial system democracy and the media and social relations/life in Turkey. The data was collected via face to face interviews. The sample included 1000 respondents representative of the country's population aged 18 and above residing in the city centers of 26 cities in Turkey.
Citation Count: 0
Deepening Polarization in Turkish Society: The Impact of Political Actors on Public Opinion
(Int Business Information Management ASSOC-IBIMA, 2017) Hawks, Banu Baybars
Recent research shows that polarization trends are on the rise in Turkey (Konda 2010; BILGESAM 2014: Erdogan 2016: Kadir Has University Turkey Research Center 2017). There are different patterns of polarization in Turkish social and political structure, while its consequences reveal themselves in the political rhetoric, media discourse and voting behavior. There is not much research done in social sciences with regard to the research of polarization and its underlying factors in Turkey. To be able to assess the impact of polarization on the lives of Turkish citizens, the research community may need to focus on the role of different variables influencing the public opinion on this issue. Accordingly, the current study seeks to fill the gap in the social sciences literature in English on social and political trends in Turkey which may be perceived to be very different by other nations. Research on political and social trends in Turkish public opinion has been conducted since 2010 by Kadir Has University Turkey Research Center. The survey's objective is to reveal public opinion on the most important current issues in the country; politics, economics; foreign policy; Kurdish issue; terror; 156 July Coup Attempt; identities and social Relations; change in Turkey, and voter preferences. The data was collected via face to face interviews. The sample included 1000 respondents, representative of the country's population, aged 18 and above, residing in the city centers of 26 cities in Turkey.
Citation Count: 0
Digital Citizenship from Below: Turkish State versus Youtube
(Int Business Information Management Assoc-Ibima, 2018) Baybars Hawks, Banu; Akser, Murat
This study aims to give a historically situated analysis of the YouTube ban as seen by Turkish internet users during the first YouTube ban period between 2007-10. The content is used from online Turkish anonymous user platform, eksi sozluk, (sour dictionary). The aim is to test whether there is a civil society response to the ban which political elites and ordinary citizens contest the necessity of access to global social media networks. The main focus of this research paper is the kinds of discourse the Turkish online community used to protest the ban during the first YouTube ban. Through a combination content analysis and discourse analysis the bloggers reactions are coded and indexed to decipher the discourse produced as an active resistance/criticism against the YouTube. The response to YouTube ban that come from Turkish internet users (from below) and was critical in times of global events effecting the usage of internet and was not silenced between these events. As long as they remained anonymous (not organized action) Turkish bloggers utilized their rights for online expression. Frequency of critical blog entries increase in times of events critical of government's YouTube ban. The response to the ban is either based on condemning it or offering ways around the ban; but not calling for united action. Anonymity of the user increases the level of criticism and participation. Finally, both the government authorities and NGOs expect individual action but demand organized corporate action
Citation Count: 0
Digital crime and punishment: Turkish online journalism under siege
(International Institute of Informatics and Systemics IIIS, 2012) Baybars Hawks, Banu
Turkish mass media since its beginnings in late 19th century has aimed to gain its role as the fourth estate in Turkish political scene. The freedom of press has been at the paramount of discussions since the foundation of the Turkish Republic in 1923. Between 1980 and 2000 Turkish media grew more and more liberal and was able to express discontent publicly exercising its checks and balances function. On the other hand the conservative majority of AKP government the governing party in Turkey brought back pressures on the Turkish media since the 2000s. Digital media as the new developing platform in Turkey for expressing rights and freedoms is under siege by government as well. The government's definition of digital crime and punishment is mostly unnoticed by the average citizen but despised by the young population. This paper intends to show the invalidity of disproportionate use of punishment and illegitimate definition of cybercrime in contemporary democratic systems that target online media professionals and outline how Turkish authorities can reverse the process by adopting alternative strategies of prevention. Under this perspective it also assesses the compliance of Internet legislation and practices in Turkey with Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights as well as the case law of the European Court of Human Rights.
Citation Count: 0
Digital Transformations in Turkey: Current Perspectives in Communication Studies
(Wiley-Blackwell, 2016) İnceoğlu, İrem
[Abstract Not Available]
Citation Count: 1
Do Foreigners Count? Internationalization of Presidential Campaigns
(Sage Publications Inc, 2017) Uzunoğlu, Sarphan; Uzunoğlu, Sarphan
The U.S. presidential elections always attract the attention of foreign audienceswho despite not being able to vote choose to follow the campaigns closely. For a post that is colloquially dubbed as the Leader of the Free World it is not unexpected to see such an interest coming from nonvoters. Mimicking almost hosting a megaevent the elections increase the media coverage on the United States thus making the elections a platform to communicate with the rest of the world and to influence the reputation of the country or its nation brand. This study postulates that the increasing adoption of social media by campaigns as well as ordinary users increase the symbolic importance of presidential elections for foreign audiences in two ways. First foreign audiences no longer passively follow the campaign but rather present their input to sway the American public opinion through social media campaigns. Second foreign audiences are exposed to a variety of messages ranging from official campaigns to late-night comedy shows to local grassroots movements. The audiences both enjoy a more in-depth understanding of the elections campaigns and are exposed to alternative political views. In this study the 2016 U.S. presidential elections are positioned as a megaevent that can influence the American nation brand. Through a comparative content and network analyses of messages disseminated over social media in the United Kingdom Turkey Canada and Venezuela the nation branding-related impacts of election campaigns are investigated.
Citation Count: 0
DOMESTİK ETNOGRAFİ ÖRNEĞİ OLARAK BEN UÇTUM SEN KALDIN
(Hacettepe Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi, 2015) Koçer Çamurdan, Suncem
In what ways does documentary camera with its unique capacity to disentangle reality penetrate and reconstruct history? At the intersections of history and memory and of family and self, how do documentary narratives crafted through the pursuit of personal life stories, longed family members, and childhood recollections contest hegemonic ideologies about identity? This article focuses on I Flew You Stayed (2012) by Mizgin Müjde Arslan as a reflexive narrative of tracing longed family members and occult life stories. As Arslan searches for her family history to fill out painful gaps in her life journey through documentary practice, she ends up uncovering a restless history construed by ideologies that silence counter-hegemonic voices in unique ways.
Citation Count: 0
The Effect of Geographical Indications over Tourism Marketing: Case of Turkey
(Int Business Information Management Assoc-IBIMA, 2018) Baybars Hawks, Banu; Kirgiz, Ayca Can
In changing and developing world conjunction competition is not only among products services or companies but also between countries and cities. We can list many traditional methods that increase competitive power in tourism and destination marketing. Countries that are looking for new ways to differentiate themselves from traditional methods have found that they should not look too far away. Today geographical indications are used as effective tools in nation-branding and in creating awareness in tourism industry. Geographical indications are marks indicating the origin of a product. These marks symbolize that a product is identified with a locality area region or country of origin with a distinctive characteristic feature reputation or other qualities. For example
Citation Count: 22
Encountering difference and radical democratic trajectory: An analysis of Gezi Park as public space
(Routledge, 2015) İnceoğlu, İrem
Summer 2013 was a historic period in regards to political activism in Turkey. Commonly referred to as ‘the Gezi Resistance’ the grass-roots mobilisation caught the rather self-assured AKP (Adalet ve Kalkinma Partisi) government off guard as hundreds of thousands rushed to the streets squares and parks to reclaim those spaces publicly. The resistance started with the attempt by a handful of environmentalists to protect a few trees being cut down in central Istanbul. Then it quickly moved beyond just about protecting a few trees and became a collective reaction to the recent and ongoing urban modelling projects that would turn commons into gated spaces for consumption. Significantly the Gezi Resistance which reclaimed public spaces started to mobilise multiple identity groups who entered into the political arena in the radical democratic sense. This paper aims to scrutinise Gezi Resistance and the occupation of the park in relation to reclaiming public spaces and the politics of identity hence as an opportunity for a radical democratic emancipation. In this context emancipation refers to contestation against the dominating discourses of the majoritarian government with neoconservative tendencies. Public space is contextualised as the agonistic domain that enables individuals both to appear hence become visible for a possible interaction and acknowledgement and join collaborative struggles against dominant discourses. In this regard performing dissent re-produces subjectivities while articulating these to one another also requires a public space. © 2015 Taylor & Francis.
Citation Count: 0
Ethnographic Cinema, Anthropology and Issues of Representational Authority in Visual Documentation of Culture
(İmge Kitabevi Yayınları, 2015) Koçer Çamurdan, Suncem
Ethnographic film has offered unique tools for cultural documentation since the emergence of motion pictures. However, visual representations of culture have had a problematic relationship with the larger discipline of anthropology for decades in part due to the threat of the camera to replace the scientific yet imperfect eye of the anthropologist with a technological tool. This article argues that the rocky relationship between anthropology and the moving image has deeper roots in the epistemological constructions of Self and Other, Home and Field, as well as Modern and Primitive. In conjunction with the dissolution of anthropological authority, a number of ethnographic films dealt with theoretical and ethical questions in relation to the issues of representational authority. The article illustrates three different ethnographic and filmic approaches to the issue: Reassemblage by Trinh T. Min-ha, The Wedding Camels by Judith and David MacDougal and Jaguar by Jean Rouch.
Citation Count: 2
Exploring the City: Perceiving Istanbul through its Cultural Productions
(Wiley-Blackwell, 2011) Şenova, Başak
This essay explores the role of Istanbul's 'cultural productions' as components of the city's structure and texture. Istanbul is a city of tensions generated by its countless conflicting and divergent flows which are constantly influenced by socio-economic political and cultural fusions and confusions. It is constantly expanding both horizontally and vertically as evidenced by its central and peripheral settlements illegal dwellings and squatted lands. With each and every new inhabitant further cumulative cultural input is added to the city which also blends social exclusion and transgression (together with axiomatic de facto regulations). The city 'operates' as a jumbled mode of excessive information
Citation Count: 4
Framing the Russian Aircraft Crisis: News Discourse in Turkey's Polarized Media Environment
(Uluslararası İlişkiler Konseyi Derneği, 2018) Özçetin, Burak; Baybars Hawks, Banu
This article analyzes the way in which the downing of a Russian aircraft by a Turkish F-16 jet on 24 November 2015 was framed by pro-government (Turkiye Yeni Akit Yeni Safak) and anti-government (Cumhuriyet) newspapers. Framing means selecting some aspects of a perceived reality and making them more salient in a communicating text. News frames give us definitions and identify those responsible for an event make moral judgements, and propose solutions to problems. The analysis of the news frames utilized by four newspapers underlines the fact that in a polarized media environment news frames are highly politicized and the distinction between news frames and official discourse is frequently blurred.
Citation Count: 3
From Ayran to Dragon Fruit Smoothie: Populism, Polarization, and Social Engineering in Turkey
(USC Annenberg Press, 2020) Karaosmanoğlu, Defne
Food embedded with symbolic meaning has power in politics. Food as political communication is extensively studied as a nation branding and public diplomacy tool. However, academic studies seem to overlook the role that food plays in populism and political polarization. Pointing out a gap in the field, I explore the role of culinary culture in Turkish politics between 2013 and 2019 to demonstrate its polarizing effect and its role in social engineering. I argue that social engineering as part of constructing native/national culinary items, efforts to polarize people through an AKP-sanctioned culinary tradition, and the particulars of the palace menu, are at once contradictory and consistent. Despite government efforts to appeal to average people and to polarize the public both by replacing alcohol with native/national and familiar ayran and grape juice, and by distributing asure to the people, branded with the symbol of the presidency, the palace kitchen has also invoked the neo-Ottoman exotic by serving dragon fruit smoothie and chia seeds.
Citation Count: 1
Globetrotters And Brands: Cities In An Emerging Communicative Space
(Springer International Publishing, 2016) Sevin, Efe
This chapter presents and discusses a new communicative space in which contemporary cities exists. The outset of such a space is the result of two interrelated developments. First international tourism has become a viable source of income for cities causing them to compete with each other for potential visitors. As a result cities have widely embraced the practice of city branding for promoting themselves as touristic destinations. Second the rise of social media use in such branding projects brought cities closer to their target audiences-at least in terms of communication. The new communicative space concept therefore explains a situation in which target audiences including residents and potential visitors interact with each other and contribute to the establishment of the reputation of a city or its brand. © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2017.
Citation Count: 0
Halkla ilişkiler anlayışıyla bütünleşik pazarlama iletişimi
(İstanbul Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi, 2009) Tunçel, Hakan
Pazarlama iletişimi etkinliklerinde halkla ilişkiler disiplininin önemi yıllar boyu genellikle ikincil dere‐ cede görüldü. Pazarlama karmasındaki tanıtım ayağı, ağırlıklı olarak reklamdan oluşuyordu. Halkla ilişkiler, ürünlerle ilgili basında haberlerin yayınlanması ihtiyacı olduğunda hatırlanan sadece ekstra bir tanıtım aracıydı. Halkla ilişkilerin ağırlıkla kurumsal iletişimden sorumlu olduğu kabul edilirdi. 1990’lı yıllarda dünyadaki siyasi, ekonomik ve teknolojik gelişmelerle birlikte pazarlamacılar sadece kitlesel reklamla pazarlama hedeflerine ulaşmalarının artık oldukça zor olduğunu kavradılar. Müşteri‐ lerle uzun vadeli ilişkiler kurulması ve sürdürülmesi için halkla ilişkilerin kendine özgü kolaylaştırıcı özellikleri daha çok kullanılmaya başlandı. Ürün markası iletişiminde, halkla ilişkilere duyulan ihtiya‐ cın artmasıyla Pazarlama Amaçlı Halkla İlişkiler (Marketing PR) alanı doğdu. Bu dönemde ortaya çıkan, tek bir mesaj ve ortak hedefler doğrultusunda, tüketicilerle bütün temas noktalarında buluşarak, bütün iletişim araçlarının uzun vadeli birbiriyle uyumlu yönetilmesi yaklaşımı olan bütünleşik pazar‐ lama iletişiminin şekillenmesinde halkla ilişkiler disiplininin önemli etkileri bulunmaktadır. Bu maka‐ lede, pazarlama iletişiminin kavramsal çerçevesi ve bütünleşik pazarlama iletişimi yaklaşımının geli‐ şimi özetlenerek, bütünleşik pazarlama iletişiminde halkla ilişkiler anlayışının etkileri tartışılmış ve ikincil verilere dayanılarak Alo deterjan markasının ‘Süper Anne’ isimli kampanyası yorumlanmıştır. Bu kampanyanın halkla ilişkiler anlayışındaki bütünleşik pazarlama iletişiminin karakteristik unsurla‐ rını taşıdığı sonucuna varılmıştır.
Citation Count: 0
Halkla İlişkiler Perspektifinden Kurumsal Vatandaşlık Anlayışına Bir Bakış
(Galatasaray Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi, 2011) Tunçel, Hakan
In our contemporary world, especially for big companies, the notion of corporate responsibility conscience has been pretty important to gain and sustain reputation in the eyes of their stakeholders. Many companies have been trying to express how they care about corporate citizenship practices which are allegedly the natural parts of their business plans or their corporate philosophies in different ways. Even though the term of corporate citizenship has emerged in management literature dealing with the social role of companies, it has been recently a prominent part of public relations practices and literature. In this article, firstly corporate citizenship notion is reviewed, then the relation between public relations and corporate citizenship is discussed theoretically with the help of some examples from business life, and it is tried to be shown how these two concepts overlapped each other.
Citation Count: 10
How to study ethnic food: Senses, power, and intercultural studies
(BioMed Central Ltd., 2020) Karaosmanoğlu, Defne
This article gives a broad review of the literature focusing on food, senses, and intercultural relations. Integrating cultural studies literature and concepts into ethnic food studies, it tries to understand the ways in which ethnic food becomes an agent of social change and helps to build, promote, and improve intercultural relations. More specifically, this article tries to explore the ways in which ethnic food could be used as a pedagogical tool in intercultural relations. The following questions are explored in anthropology and cultural studies literature: To what extent can ethnic food bring a feeling of connection with other cultures? To what extent can it bring an understanding of others? What kind of a role do the senses of taste and smell play in this process? At least three steps are proposed in the study of ethnic food and intercultural relations: Integrating sensory studies into food studies, applying self-reflexive ethnographic methodologies which are based on experience and emotion, and finally exploring the relationship between food and power, and food and agency.

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