TR-Dizin İndeksli Yayınlar Koleksiyonu
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Article Citation Count: 0The 1921 Constitution and Beyond: Any Inspiration After 100 Years?(Istanbul University Press, 2022) Arat, Nilay; Topukçu, A.The 1921 Constitution has mostly been considered as a unique piece of legal document in Turkish Legal History with regard to the time it was written, the conditions under it was created, the necessity it touched and the era it changed. The 1921 Constitution had been assessed by scholars, bureaucrats, politicians and lawyers in different times from distinct perspectives. It has got special attention lately as regards to the discussions on constitution-making processes. Even after 100 years, many of its features inspire today's constitutional discussions as the 1921 Constitution touches even today's sociological, political and legal needs. In this context, this paper aims to assess the 1921 Constitution first by pointing out the unique features; then, gives try to answer a question posed whether the 1921 Constitution is a constitution itself, or not. This trial is done under the double constitution period discussions and by pulling out the deficiencies of the 1921 Constitution. Subsequently, the box of inspirational touches of the 1921 Constitution to 100 years beyond is opened. In that sense, it has been found that the understanding of sovereignty that brings it down to its origin “earth/humankind”, the idea of local democracy and the vision on fundamental rights and freedoms that open the door to modern understanding of rights on this part of the world, could be drawn/inherited for today's constitutional making processes. © 2022 Istanbul University Press. All Rights Reserved.Article Citation Count: 23D self-assemble formation of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2)-doped polyacrylamide (PAAm) composite hydrogels(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2022) Durmaz, Sumeyye; Yildiz, Ekrem; Uysal, Bengu Ozugur; Pekcan, OnderPolyacrylamide (PAAm), a renowned member of the hydrogel class, has many uses throughout a wide range of industrial processes, including water absorbed diapers, contact lenses, wastewater treatment, biomedical applications such as drug delivery vehicles and tissue engineering because of its physical stability, durability, flexibility easier shaping, and so on. PAAm also provides new functionalities after the incorporation of inorganic structures such as molybdenum disulfide (MoS2). During the copolymerization process, the transmittance of all samples reduced significantly after a particular time, referred to as the gel point. Microgels form a tree above the gel point as projected by Flory-Stockmayer classical theory. Because of microgels positioned at the junction points of the Cayley tree, the addition of MoS2 results in strong intramolecular crosslinking and looser composites. Moreover, fractal geometry provides a quantitative measure of randomness and thus permits characterization of random systems such as polymers. Fractal dimension of these polymer composites is calculated from power-law-dependent scattered intensity. It was also confirmed that a hydrogel rapidly formed within a few seconds, indicating a 3D network formation inside the gel. These materials may have a great potential for application in wearable and implantable electronics due to this highly desired 3D self-assemble feature.Article Citation Count: 050. Complete acquisition in the heritage language: Evidence from indefiniteness in Turkish(2023) Yılmaz, Gülsen; Sauermann, AntjeThis study investigates whether adult Turkish heritage speakers are able to refer to entities in discourse as required by semantic contexts. The focus is on the contrasting properties of Turkish (L1) and German (L2) with respect to semantics of indefiniteness, i.e., specificity and partitivity. Turkish morphologically distinguishes between specific/nonspecific and partitive/nonpartitive contexts on the indefinite direct object while German does not. We hypothesized that the Turkish heritage speakers would overgeneralize the unmarked form (bir noun) since this is the default form used in German regardless of the context and also acceptable in all contexts in Turkish. We further hypothesized that, if they ever opt for the case marked form (bir noun+acc), they would also do so incorrectly in nonpartitive and nonspecific contexts. Turkish heritage speakers living in Germany (n= 35) could dissociate semantic contexts and made similar preferences to those of monolingual native speakers of Turkish (n= 30). Our findings suggest that native language (L1) can develop despite early onset of the L2 and be maintained on a par with monolingual norms despite the presence of competing structures in the L2. We will discuss how insights from heritage language development can contribute to discussions about the bilingual’s ability in L1; and limits and possibilities of bilingualism.Article Citation Count: 4Accurate indoor positioning with ultra-wide band sensors(Tubitak, 2020) Arsan, TanerUltra-wide band is one of the emerging indoor positioning technologies. In the application phase, accuracy and interference are important criteria of indoor positioning systems. Not only the method used in positioning, but also the algorithms used in improving the accuracy is a key factor. In this paper, we tried to eliminate the effects of off-set and noise in the data of the ultra-wide band sensor-based indoor positioning system. For this purpose, optimization algorithms and filters have been applied to the raw data, and the accuracy has been improved. A test bed with the dimensions of 7.35 m x 5.41 m and 50 cm x 50 cm grids has been selected, and a total of 27,000 measurements have been collected from 180 test points. The average positioning error of this test bed is calculated as 16.34 cm. Then, several combinations of algorithms are applied to raw data. The combination of Big Bang-Big Crunch algorithm for optimization, and then the Kalman Filter have yielded the most accurate results. Briefly, the average positioning error has been reduced from 16.34 cm to 7.43 cm.Article Citation Count: 0An Alternative Approach To Design Lumped Element Delay Equalizers(Istanbul Univ Fac Engineering, 2015) Şengül, Metin Y.In this paper an algorithm has been proposed to design lumped element delay equalizers which is considered as a single block as opposed to the existing methods in literature. Then after obtaining the desired delay performance the designed delay equalizer is divided and realized as cascaded first-order and/or second-order all-pass circuits. An example is given to illustrate the utilization of the proposed algorithm.Article Citation Count: 0AN ALTERNATIVE APPROACH TO DESIGN LUMPED ELEMENT DELAY EQUALIZERS(2015) Şengül, MetinIn this paper, an algorithm has been proposed to design lumped element delay equalizers which is considered as a single block as opposed to the existing methods in literature. Then after obtaining the desired delay performance, the designed delay equalizer is divided and realized as cascaded first-order and/or secondorder all-pass circuits. An example is given to illustrate the utilization of the proposed algorithmArticle Citation Count: 0Aluminum accumulation in treatment using submerged membrane electro-bioreactor of young landfill leachate: Statistical analysis(Environmental Research & Technology (Online), 2020) Kurtoğlu Akkaya, Gülizar; Ayvaz Çavdaroğlu, Nur; Bilgili, MehmetHerein, landfill leachate containing high amount of organic matter, which is quite difficult to treat, was first treated using the new submerged membrane electro-bioreactor (SMEBR) system. Aluminum (Al) electrode was used for the treatment of leachate in the SMEBR and Al accumulation was detected. This study aims to examine Al accumulation in the treatment of leachate with high organic content in the SMEBR system. The Al values obtained were plotted on a graph using MS Excel, and Mann–Whitney U test was used to determine whether there is a statistical difference between the observed Al values. Also, correlations between Al accumulations and conductivity and TOC in SMEBR and SMBR were evaluated. Resultantly, it was found that relationship between Al and conductivity is very weak, correlation between Al and TOC% is a weak-moderate, the Al accumulation in the SEMBR has a linear relationship with time and there is a very strong correlation between the two variables (R2= 0.7591). Its correlation with time in the SMBR is moderate (R2= 0.3316). MS Excel 2016 and Minitab 16.0 programs were utilized in the statistical analyses.Article Citation Count: 1An analysis of social media content shared by right-wing extremist groups in the United States, the Great Britain and Australia(Istanbul Univ, Fac Communication, 2023) Baş, Özen; Bas, OzenThe extreme right movements have increasingly appeared on social media, especially on Twitter and Facebook, coinciding with the 2019 New Zealand attack, the 2019 El Paso incident, and Britain's exit from the European Union in 2020. This study examines the content and the form of extreme right-wing activities on Facebook and Twitter to promote their ideologies. A qualitative content analysis was conducted on posts shared by extreme-right groups on public Facebook and Twitter accounts in Great Britain, the United States and Australia. The sample spans from March 15, 2019 to February 5, 2020. The posts were coded according to a coding instrument developed based on the existing literature spreading extremist ideologies on social media. The coding instrument consisted of categories and subcategories such as 'the protection of western values', 'anti-LGBT activism', 'anti-feminism', 'anti-Islam', 'anti-immigrant sentiments', 'fostering the white race', and 'anti-elitist populism'. Findings suggest that the most prevalent extremist ideologies on Facebook and Twitter posts were 'anti-elitist populism' and 'the protection of western values'. Also, extremist groups heavily shared posts that combined texts and images to spread their ideologies on social media.Article Citation Count: 0ARE THE ARBITRATORS SUITABLE TO APPLY PUBLIC POLICY PROVISIONS IN INTERNATIONAL COMMERCIAL ARBITRATION?(Seçkin Yayıncılık, 2017) Ersoy, Yunus EmreStates virtually maintain some restrictions upon the subject matter of arbitration such as states’ public policy provisions. The extent of public policy in the international commercial arbitration becomes more comprehensive than that of the New York Convention, where it might be a defence against enforcement when the arbitral award is rendered; hence the problem occurs only at the final stage of arbitral process. Besides that, arbitrability also directly relates to public policy provisions that has effect on the base of the arbitration agreement or, more specifically, arbitration clause. It seems that arbitrators will have more discretion in arbitration process as to applying of domestic public policy provisions in the future, but are they really suitable to do that?Article Citation Count: 1Asymmetric Cost Behavior and Acquirer Returns: Evidence from U.S. Mergers(Ege Univ, 2019) Uğurlu, Mine; Öztürk Danışman, Gamze; Bilyay-Erdoğan, Seda; Vural-Yavaş, ÇiğdemThis paper investigates the asymmetric behavior of the selling, general and administrative (SG&A) costs of acquirers, and reveals its effects on mergers & acquisitions (M&A) performance in a one-year event window. It is based on a sample of 6888 M&As completed in the U.S. during the 2003-2015 period and employs panel data regressions. The results show that 73% of the acquirers display asymmetric cost behavior. A significant negative relation is found between cost stickiness and acquirers' abnormal returns following the merger announcement. Competition in the market for corporate control is positively related with acquirer returns but exacerbates the negative effects of cost-stickiness on abnormal returns of acquirers. The acquirers' risk of default is significantly negatively related to the abnormal returns they generate. This adverse effect of default risk on returns is stronger for acquirers with anti-sticky costs. Acquirer risk offsets the positive effects of competition on returns. Acquirers with sticky costs have lower abnormal returns than those with anti-sticky costs in a one-year window. The present study contributes to the literature by revealing the asymmetric cost behavior of acquirers involved in merger activity during the last decade, and provides evidence for an alternative explanation for the lower abnormal returns of the acquiring firms.Article Citation Count: 1Bayesian estimation of discrete-time cellular neural network coefficients(TUBITAK Scientific & Technical Research Council Turkey, 2017) Özer, Hakan Metin; Özmen, Atilla; Şenol, HabibA new method for finding the network coefficients of a discrete-time cellular neural network (DTCNN) is proposed. This new method uses a probabilistic approach that itself uses Bayesian learning to estimate the network coefficients. A posterior probability density function (PDF) is composed using the likelihood and prior PDFs derived from the system model and prior information respectively. This posterior PDF is used to draw samples with the help of the Metropolis algorithm a special case of the Metropolis--Hastings algorithm where the proposal distribution function is symmetric and resulting samples are then averaged to find the minimum mean square error (MMSE) estimate of the network coefficients. A couple of image processing applications are performed using these estimated parameters and the results are compared with those of some well-known methods.Article Citation Count: 0Brain Age Estimation from MRI Images using 2D-CNN instead of 3D-CNN(2021) Darıcı, Muazzez Buket; Yıldırım, Şüheda; Darici, Muazzez BuketHuman Brain Age has become a popular aging biomarker and is used to detect differences among healthy individuals. Because of the specific changes in the human brain with aging, it is possible to estimate patients’ brain ages from their brain images. Due to developments of the ability of CNN in classification and regression from images, in this study, one of the most popular state of the art models, the DenseNet model, is utilized to estimate human brain ages using transfer learning. Since this process requires high memory load with 3D-CNN, 2D-CNN is preferred for the task of Brain Age Estimation (BAE). In this study, some experiments are carried out to reduce the number of computations while preserving the total performance. With this aim, center slices of each three brain planes are used as the inputs of the DenseNet model, and different optimizers such as Adam, Adamax and Adagrad are used for each model. The dataset is selected from the IXI (Information Extraction from Images) MRI data repository. The MAE evaluation metric is used for each model with different input set to evaluate performance. The best achieved Mean Absolute Error (MAE) is 6.3 with the input set which consisted of center slices of the sagittal plane of brain scan and the Adamax parameter.Article Citation Count: 0A Brief History of The Struggle Between Gonabadi Dervishes and the Islamic Republic of Iran (2005 - 2018)(2021) Toğa, OralThe Gonabadi Sufi Order is one of the three main branches of the Nimatullahi Sufi order that was originated by Shah Nimatullahi Wali in the 14th and 15th centuries. The Dervishes, the best known of its followers, assert that they believe in peace, security, and equality and avoid violence and politics. The constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran is officially based on the "Twelver Shia" and only recognizes a small minority as a religion officially. In spite of this, even though they describe themselves as the "Twelver Shia", they reject the principal foundations of the Islamic Republic of Iran's official religion. As a result, dervishes were declared as "heretics" by the state. After the Revolution, especially after 1995, systematic attacks have intensified on members of the order and their Hosseiniyeh, where they performed their religious rituals. The Hosseiniyeh in Kerman was the first place to be attacked; the Hosseiniyehs in Qom, Tehran, Karaj, and Borujerd were also attacked and destroyed. Eventually, the scale of the attacks was expanded to the tombs of the prominent figures of the Gonabadi order. These conflicts increased in intensity after 2005, in Ahmadinejad's presidency, and caused social outrages that resulted in death at various times. In this study, the background of these fierce conflicts will be examined and the history of the conflict will be conveyed. The events that led the dervishes, who define themselves peaceful at every opportunity, to such violent conflicts with the state will be perused. In addition, the reasons why the state sees these dervishes as an internal enemy will be examined.Article Citation Count: 0Broadband double-matching via lossless unsymmetrical lattice networks(Istanbul University, 2012) Şengül, Metin Y.In this paper a broadband double-matching network design algorithm has been presented. In the network an unsymmetrical lattice network has been used. The branch impedances of the lattice network are composed of singly terminated lossless LC networks. After giving the procedure its usage has been illustrated via an example.Article Citation Count: 0Building a Nation, Building a Modern Capital City: A Comparative Study of Ankara’s and Tirana’s First Master Plans(2021) Hosanlı, Deniz Avcı; Resta, GiuseppeTwo capital cities, Tirana and Ankara, once united under the Ottoman banner, shared a similar urban development process ideologically and physically as they were designated the new capital cities under disparate national banners in 1920 and 1923 respectively. After the disintegration of the Ottoman Empire, both cities witnessed a non-negligible transformation. Their urban development occurred in a congruent fashion including urban components and settlement patterns with a strong foreign influence, i.e., paid foreign technocrats for the case of Ankara, and the foreign fascist rulers for the case of Tirana. This article provided a comparative analysis of these two cities and their ideological and physical transformations via evaluation of their first urban development plans, i.e., Ankara’s by Carl Christoph Lörcher and Tirana’s by Gherardo Bosio, and ideological charges behind their implementations. The rise of new nationalist regimes employed urban planning as a tool to implement ideological modernization and nation-building agendas. The focus of the text was to correlate how the two modernist plans oscillated between a tabula-rasa approach and conservation and/or neglect of the existing Ottoman built environment.Book Review Citation Count: 0By Henry Kissinger New York: The Penguin Press, 2012, 586 pages, ISBN: 9781594202711(2014) Ifantıs, KostasAccording to Kissinger there are four key elements to understanding the Chinese mind: Confucianism ("a single, universal, generally applicable truth as the standard of individual conduct and social cohesion"); Sun Tzu (outsmartingArticle Citation Count: 0Changing practices in international broadcasting the BBC world service example(Ankara Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi, 2014) Yanardağoğlu, EylemLooking at the history of international broadcasting, one can observe that governments utilised international media as an element of public diplomacy as early as 1930s. Some of the first examples are seen at the BBC (British Broadcasting Corporation) World Service, which runs a Turkish Service since 1939. This research examines the factors that impact on international broadcasting and takes the BBC World Service as an example. It focuses on its Turkish Section in order to consider the changing practices at its language services and explore the influence of the issues such as public diplomacy, technological advances and economic policies on these language services. The BBC World Service and the Turkish section are chosen because they constitute one of the first examples of international broadcasting efforts. The findings are based on data that were collected via in-depth interviews conducted with editors and producers in 2011 at the World Service Central Newsroom and the Turkish Service. This research was funded by TÜBİTAK (the Scientific and Research Council of Turkey) post-doctoral study abroad bursary, at the Communication and Media Research Institute, University of Westminster in London, where the researcher was based as a visiting scholar.Article Citation Count: 0Changing the identity of a place by changing street names: The process of renaming the streets of Üsküdar between 1927-1934(Istanbul Teknik Universitesi, Faculty of Architecture, 2023) Dalgiç, E.N.; Yildirim Okta, B.Street names are part of our everyday lives. People constantly encounter street signs during their daily practices. Their visible position in the urban landscape makes street names suitable to use as visual/linguistic signifiers of cultures, histories, values, and ideologies. Renaming streets is one of the first actions of the new regimes to create their ideological hegemony in the territories they rule. It is essential to resolve the conflicts between urban memory and the sovereign’s history to legitimize their geographical claims by changing anything that does not match with their mental constructs in the urban landscape. This article provides a critical discourse analysis of the relationship between space, place, identity, urban memory, and street names by examining the alteration of street names in Üsküdar, a district of Istanbul, between 1927 and 1934. Even though Üsküdar was one of the regions where the minorities lived exceedingly in the Ottoman period, in the current Üsküdar identity, there are only a few traces left of its former inhabitants. Hence, in terms of redefining identity, Üsküdar can be considered a prominent example compared to the other regions the minorities lived in Istanbul. The primary source for this inquiry is Osman Nuri Ergin’s İstanbul Şehri Rehberi (Istanbul City Guide), which was published in 1934. Archival documents and newspaper articles about street name changes are also used in this research. The relationship between socio-political transformation in Üsküdar and changes in urban toponymy is investigated in this study. © 2023, Istanbul Teknik Universitesi, Faculty of Architecture. All rights reserved.Article Citation Count: 0Comparative classification performances of filter model feature selection algorithms in EEG based brain computer interface system(Gazi Univ, Fac Engineering Architecture, 2023) Ballı, Tuğçe; Balli, Tugce; Yetkin, E. FatihBrain-computer interface (BCI) systems enable individuals to use a computer or assistive technologies such as a neuroprosthetic arm by translating their brain electrical activity into control commands. In this study, the use of filter-based feature selection methods for design of BCI systems is investigated. EEG recordings obtained from a BCI system designed for the control of a neuroprosthetic device are analyzed. Two feature sets were created; the first set was band power features from six main frequency bands (delta (1.0-4 Hz), theta (4-8 Hz), alpha (8-12 Hz), beta (12-25 Hz), high-beta (25-30Hz) and gamma (30-50 Hz)) and the second set was band power features from ten frequency sub-bands (delta (1-4 Hz), theta (4-8 Hz), alpha1 (8-10 Hz), alpha2 (10-12 Hz), beta1 (12-15 Hz), beta2 (15-18 Hz), beta3 (18-25 Hz), gamma1 (30-35 Hz), gamma2 (35-40 Hz), gamma3 (40-50 Hz)). Ten filter-based feature selection methods are investigated along with linear discriminant analysis, random forests, decision tree and support vector machines algorithms. The results indicate that feature selection methods leads to a higher classification accuracy and eigen value centrality (Ecfs) and infinite feature selection (Inffs) methods have consistently provided higher accuracy rates as compared to rest of the feature selection methods.Article Citation Count: 2Comparison of Earliest and Later Autobiographical Memories in Young and Middle-Aged Adults(Istanbul Univ, 2019) Ece, Berivan; Demiray, Burcu; Öner, Sezin; Gülgöz, SamiThe current study examined earliest memories of young and middle-aged adults in comparison to a recent autobiographical memory and a free-report one from any life phase. These three types of memories were compared in terms of their memory characteristics such as vividness, emotionality. importance, confidence, and rehearsal frequency. A total of 319 young (18-30 years) and 112 middle-aged (40-65 years) adults completed the online survey. Results showed that earliest memories were rated either similar to or lower than later memories in their memory characteristics. More specifically. they received lower ratings than free-report memories in all memory characteristics whereas they did not significantly differ from recent memories only in importance and emotionality. In addition, free-report memories were highest in emotionality, importance and rehearsal frequency whereas recent memories were highest in vividness and confidence ratings. Compared to young adults, middle-aged adults provided higher ratings for all memory characteristics in general, and they further recalled earliest memories from an older age. Finally, the order of reporting the three types of memories (earliest memory first versus recent memory first) was examined with respect to its potential influence on memory characteristics and dating of the recalled memories. Results displayed no significant effect of the reporting order on memory characteristics. Dating of the earliest and free-report memories, however, was significantly affected by the reporting order. The mean age for earliest memories was higher when it was retrieved following the recent memory compared to the reporting order in which earliest memories are retrieved and reported first. Overall, results indicated that earliest memories arc not particularly special compared to later memories (e.g.. free-report memories) in terms of their memory characteristics, and they are vulnerable to experimental manipulation such as changing the reporting order just like other types of autobiographical memories.