Psikoloji Bölümü Koleksiyonu

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://gcris.khas.edu.tr/handle/20.500.12469/60

Browse

Now showing 1 - 20 of 38

Citation Count: 31
Acculturation Attitudes and Social Adjustment in British South Asian Children: A Longitudinal Study
(Sage Publications Inc, 2013) Baysu, Gülseli; Baysu, Gülseli; Cameron, Lindsey; Nigbur, Dennis; Rutland, Adam; Watters, Charles; Hossain, Rosa; LeTouze, Dominique; Landau, Anick
A 1-year longitudinal study with three testing points was conducted with 215 British Asian children aged 5 to 11 years to test hypotheses from Berry's acculturation framework. Using age-appropriate measures of acculturation attitudes and psychosocial outcomes it was found that (a) children generally favored an integrationist attitude and this was more pronounced among older (8-10 years) than in younger (5-7 years) children and (b) temporal changes in social self-esteem and peer acceptance were associated with different acculturation attitudes held initially as shown by latent growth curve analyses. However a supplementary time-lagged regression analysis revealed that children's earlier integrationist attitudes may be associated with more emotional symptoms (based on teachers' ratings) 6 months later. The implications of these different outcomes of children's acculturation attitudes are discussed.
Citation Count: 20
Activating reflective thinking with decision justification and debiasing training
(Society for Judgment and Decision making, 2020) Yılmaz, Onurcan; Doğruyol, Burak; Doğruyol, Burak
Manipulations for activating reflective thinking, although regularly used in the literature, have not previously been systematically compared. There are growing concerns about the effectiveness of these methods as well as increasing demand for them. Here, we study five promising reflection manipulations using an objective performance measure — the Cognitive Reflection Test 2 (CRT-2). In our large-scale preregistered online experiment (N = 1,748), we compared a passive and an active control condition with time delay, memory recall, decision justification, debiasing training, and combination of debiasing training and decision justification. We found no evidence that online versions of the two regularly used reflection conditions — time delay and memory recall — improve cognitive performance. Instead, our study isolated two less familiar methods that can effectively and rapidly activate reflective thinking: (1) a brief debiasing training, designed to avoid common cognitive biases and increase reflection, and (2) simply asking participants to justify their decisions.
Citation Count: 11
All the Dark Triad and some of the Big Five traits are visible in the face
(Pergamon-Elsevıer Scıence Ltd, 2021) Yılmaz, Onurcan; Bayrak, Fatih; Yılmaz, Onurcan
Some of the recent studies suggested that people can make accurate inferences about the level of the Big Five and the Dark Triad personality traits in strangers by only looking at their faces. However, later findings provided only partial support and the evidence is mixed regarding which traits can be accurately inferred from faces. In the current research, to provide further evidence on whether the Big Five and the Dark Triad traits are visible in the face, we report three studies, two of which were preregistered, conducted on both WEIRD (the US American) and non-WEIRD (Turkish) samples (N = 880). The participants in both the US American and Turkish samples were successful in predicting all Dark Triad personality traits by looking at a stranger's face. However, there were mixed results regarding the Big Five traits. An aggregate analysis of the combined dataset demonstrated that extraversion (only female), agreeableness, and conscientiousness were accurately inferred by the participants in addition to the Dark Triad traits. Overall, the results suggest that inferring personality from faces without any concrete source of information might be an evolutionarily adaptive trait.
Citation Count: 4
Are we at all liberal at heart? High-powered tests find no effect of intuitive thinking on moral foundations
(Academic Press Inc., 2021) Yılmaz, Onurcan
Two opposing views define the debate on the moral principles underlying human behavior. One side argues a central role for five moral foundations (care, fairness, loyalty, authority, sanctity), while the other argues that two of these (care, fairness) capture the essence of human moral concerns. In an experiment comparing these two views, Wright and Baril (2011) found that conservatives under cognitive load devalue loyalty, authority and sanctity, and become more liberal. Their finding of common intuitive concern with care and fairness supports the two-foundation perspective. In two high-powered preregistered experiments (N = 3275), we used time-pressure to induce intuitive thinking and tested Wright and Baril's finding that “we are all liberals at heart.” Although the manipulations worked as intended, Study 1 failed to identify an effect on the moral foundations questionnaire (MFQ). We conjectured that familiarity with standard survey items may weaken intuition manipulations by eliciting stable opinions. In Study 2, we therefore used not only the MFQ but also novel moral foundations vignettes. Study 2 failed to find an effect of time-pressure on either questionnaire type. An internal Bayesian meta-analysis indicated strong evidence against an effect of intuitive thinking on moral foundations.
Citation Count: 6
Attachment anxiety benefits from security priming: Evidence from working memory performance
(Public Library Science, 2018) Gökçe, Ahu; Harma, Mehmet
The present study investigates the relationship between the attachment dimensions (anxious vs. avoidance) and the cognitive performance of individuals specifically whether the attachment dimensions would predict the working memory (WM) performance. In the n-back task reflecting the WM capacity both attachment related and non-attachment related words were used. Participants were randomly assigned into two groups that received either the secure or the neutral subliminal priming. In the secure priming condition the aim was to induce sense of security by presenting secure attachment words prior to the n-back task performance. In neutral priming condition neutral words that did not elicit sense of security were presented. Structural equation modeling revealed divergent patterns for attachment anxiety and avoidance dimensions under the different priming conditions. In neutral priming condition WM performance declined in terms of capacity in the n-back task for individuals who rated higher levels of attachment anxiety. However in the secure priming condition WM performance was boosted in the n-back task for individuals who rated higher levels of attachment anxiety. In other words the subliminal priming of the security led to increased WM capacity of individuals who rated higher levels of attachment anxiety. This effect however was not observed for higher levels of attachment avoidance. Results are discussed along the lines of hyperactivation and deactivation strategies of the attachment system.
Citation Count: 0
Beliefs of Donors About Liver Failure and Transplantation Surgery
(Elsevier France-Editions Scientifiques Medicales Elsevier, 2015) Krespi-Boothby, Margörit Rita; Tankurt, A.; Acarlı, Koray; Kalayoğlu, Murat; Kanmaz, Turan
[Abstract Not Available]
Citation Count: 5
Beyond a Paycheck: The Influence of Workforce Participation on Women's Cancer Screening in Turkey
(Springer/Plenum Publishers, 2016) Sen, Celia K. Naivar; Baruh, Lemi; Kumkale, Gökçe Tarcan
The present study investigates the influence of workforce participation on women's cancer screening behaviors in Turkey. In cultures with predominantly Muslim populations like Turkey emphasis is typically placed on a woman's traditional role as a child bearer. Although the impact of workforce participation on women's welfare has been studied in various contexts the relationship between workforce participation and health protective behavior has received scant attention. Using quantitative data from a survey of women aged 40 and above from 33 urban cities in Turkey (N = 483) we examine the influence of workforce participation on breast and cervical cancer screening behaviors. Homemakers were less likely than working/retired women to be up-to-date on screenings. Women with lower income and education screened less
Citation Count: 22
Beyond Muslim identity: Opinion-based groups in the Gezi Park protest
(Sage Publications Ltd, 2017) Baysu, Gülseli; Phalet, Karen
Media depicted Turkish Gezi Park protests as a clash between secularists and Islamists within a majority-Muslim country. Extending a social identity approach to protests this study aims (a) to distinguish the protest participants in terms of their opinion-based group memberships (b) to investigate how their religious identification and their group membership were associated with democratic attitudes. Six hundred and fifty highly educated urban young adult participants were surveyed during the protest. Latent class analysis of participants' political concerns and online and offline actions yielded four distinct opinion-based groups labeled liberals secularists moderates and conservatives. Looking at the intersection of the participants' group identities with their Muslim identification we observed that the higher conservatives' and moderates' religious identification the less they endorsed democratic attitudes whereas religious identification made little or no difference in liberals' and secularists' democratic attitudes. Our findings of distinct groups among protest participants in a majority-Muslim country challenge an essentialist understanding of religion as a homogeneous social identity.
Citation Count: 15
Biomarkers of Secondhand Smoke Exposure in Waterpipe Tobacco Venue Employees in Istanbul Moscow and Cairo
(Oxford University Press, 2018) Çarkoğlu, Aslı; Rule, Ana M.; Magid, Hoda; Ferguson, Jacqueline; Susan, Jolie; Sun, Zhuolu; Torrey, Christine; Abubaker, Salahaddin; Levshin, Vladimir; Çarkoğlu, Aslı; Radwan, Ghada Nasr; El-Rabbat, Maha; Cohen, Joanna E.; Strickland, Paul; Breysse, Patrick N.; Navas-Acien, Ana
Background: Most smoke-free legislation to reduce secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure exempts waterpipe (hookah) smoking venues. Few studies have examined SHS exposure in waterpipe venues and their employees. Methods: We surveyed 276 employees of 46 waterpipe tobacco venues in Istanbul Moscow and Cairo. We interviewed venue managers and employees and collected biological samples from employees to measure exhaled carbon monoxide (CO) hair nicotine saliva cotinine urine cotinine urine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) and urine 1-hydroxypyrene glucuronide (1-OHPG). We estimated adjusted geometric mean ratios (GMR) of each SHS biomarker by employee characteristics and indoor air SHS measures. Results: There were 73 nonsmoking employees and 203 current smokers of cigarettes or waterpipe. In nonsmokers the median (interquartile) range concentrations of SHS biomarkers were 1.1 (0.2 40.9) mu g/g creatinine urine cotinine 5.5 (2 15) ng/mL saliva cotinine 0.95 (0.36 5.02) ng/mg hair nicotine 1.48 (0.98 3.97) pg/mg creatinine urine NNAL 0.54 (0.25 0.97) pmol/mg creatinine urine 1-OHPG and 1.67 (1.33 2.33) ppm exhaled CO. An 8-hour increase in work hours was associated with higher urine cotinine (GMR: 1.68 95% CI: 1.20 2.37) and hair nicotine (GMR: 1.22 95% CI: 1.05 1.43). Lighting waterpipes was associated with higher saliva cotinine (GMR: 2.83 95% CI: 1.05 7.62). Conclusions: Nonsmoking employees of waterpipe tobacco venues were exposed to high levels of SHS including measurable levels of carcinogenic biomarkers (tobacco-specific nitrosamines and PAHs).
Citation Count: 12
Cognitive styles and religion
(Elsevier B.V., 2021) Yılmaz, Onurcan
I discuss recent research suggesting that individual differences in cognitive style give rise to and explain religious and related supernatural and paranormal beliefs. To do so, I illustrate intuitive cognitive biases (e.g., anthropomorphism) underlying these beliefs and then review the accumulated evidence indicating that non-believers are more open-minded, reflective, and less susceptible to holding epistemically suspect beliefs (e.g., conspiracy theories) on average than those who believe in supernatural events or paranormal experiences such as astrology or magic. However, seeing religion as a search for truth positively predicts reasoning performance. Although these findings are robust across diverse measures, evidence for a causal relationship remains mixed. Stronger and more precise manipulations and cross-cultural investigations are needed.
Citation Count: 29
Compliance with Smoke-Free Legislation Within Public Buildings: a Cross-Sectional Study in Turkey
(World Health Organization, 2016) Çarkoğlu, Aslı; Çarkoğlu, Aslı; Ergör, Gül; Hayran, Mutlu; Ergüder, Toker; Kaplan, Bekir; Susan, Jolie; Magid, Hoda; Pollak, Jonathan; Cohen, Joanna E.
ObjectiveTo investigate public compliance with legislation to prohibit smoking within public buildings and the extent of tobacco smoking in outdoor areas in Turkey. Methods Using a standardized observation protocol we determined whether smoking occurred and whether ashtrays cigarette butts and/or no-smoking signs were present in a random selection of 884 public venues in 12 cities in Turkey. We visited indoor and outdoor locations in bars/nightclubs cafes government buildings hospitals restaurants schools shopping malls traditional coffee houses and universities. We used logistic regression models to determine the association between the presence of ashtrays or the absence of no-smoking signs and the presence of individuals smoking or cigarette butts. Findings Most venues had no-smoking signs (629/884). We observed at least one person smoking in 145 venues most frequently observed in bars/nightclubs (63/79) hospital dining areas (18/79) traditional coffee houses (27/120) and government-building dining areas (5/23). For 538 venues we observed outdoor smoking close to public buildings. The presence of ashtrays was positively associated with indoor smoking and cigarette butts adjusted odds ratio aOR: 315.9
Citation Count: 3
Cultural differences in performance on Eriksen's flanker task
(Springer, 2020) Arslan Uzundağ, Berna; Ksander, John; Millar, Peter R.; Arslan Uzundağ, Berna; Sekuler, Robert; Boduroğlu, Ayşecan
Eriksen's zoom model of attention implies a trade-off between the breadth and resolution of representations of information. Following this perspective, we used Eriksen's flanker task to investigate culture's influence on attentional allocation and attentional resolution. In Experiment1, the spatial distance of the flankers was varied to test whether people from Eastern cultures (here, Turks) experienced more interference than people from Western cultures (here, Americans) when flankers were further from the target. In Experiment2, the contrast of the flankers was varied. The pattern of results shows that congruency of the flankers (Experiment1) as well as the degree of contrast of the flankers compared with the target (Experiment2) interact with participants' cultural background to differentially influence accuracy or reaction times. In addition, we used evidence accumulation modeling to jointly consider measures of speed and accuracy. Results indicate that to make decisions in the Eriksen flanker task, Turks both accumulate evidence faster and require more evidence than Americans do. These cultural differences in visual attention and decision-making have implications for a wide variety of cognitive processes.
Citation Count: 2
Different Types of Religiosity and Lay Intuitions About Free Will/Determinism in Turkey
(Routledge Journals Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2018) Yılmaz, Onurcan; Harma, Mehmet; Harma, Mehmet
Religiosity has been found to be positively associated with belief in free will (FW) in the Western world. In the Muslim world however religiosity exhibits several characteristics that set it apart from the Western world including an overemphasis on fate or divine predestination. We therefore investigated FW/determinism beliefs and different types of religiosity and conservatism in two samples in Turkey a predominantly Muslim country (N=1690). In Study 1 a confirmatory factor analysis showed that FAD-Plus provided good fit to the data. Study 2 revealed that FW belief is not related to any of the religiosity measures (intrinsic extrinsic quest) whereas fatalistic determinism is consistently related to religiosity. The unique predictor of free will turned out to be belief in a just world. Overall these findings indicate that FW belief is not inherently related to religiosity in Turkey whereas fatalistic determinism is central to Turkish people's belief systems.
Citation Count: 1
Digital epidemiology: can Google trends give some information about electronic cigarette usage in Turkey?
(European Respiratory Soc Journals Ltd, 2018) Çarkoğlu, Aslı; Niksarlioglu, Yelda; Çarkoğlu, Aslı; Uysal, Omer; Kutluk, Ali Cevat; Karadag, Bulent
[Abstract Not Available]
Citation Count: 9
Do changes in threat salience predict the moral content of sermons? The case of Friday Khutbas in Turkey
(Wiley, 2020) Yılmaz, Onurcan; Bayrak, Fatih; Us, Elif Öykü; Yilmaz, Onurcan
We analyzed the content of "Friday Khutbas" delivered in Turkish mosques between January 2001 and December 2018 to test the prediction of moral foundations theory (MFT) literature that threat salience would lead to an increased endorsement of binding moral foundations. As societal-level indicators of threat, we examined (a) historical data on the proportion of terrorism-related news published in a Turkish newspaper, (b) the geopolitical risk score of Turkey as measured by Geopolitical Risk Index, and (c) Google Trends data on the search frequency of words "terror", "terrorism", or "terrorist". To measure the endorsement of moral foundations, we built a Turkish Moral Foundations Dictionary and counted the relative frequency of morality-related words in the khutbas delivered in Istanbul, Turkey. Time series analyses showed that risk salience in a certain month was positively related to endorsement of the loyalty/betrayal foundation in that month's Friday Khutbas. There were mixed results for the other moral foundations.
Citation Count: 10
Does intuitive mindset influence belief in God? A registered replication of Shenhav, Rand and Greene (2012)
(SOC Judgment & Decision Making, 2020) Yılmaz, Onurcan; Yılmaz, Onurcan; Körpe, Gülay Gözde
In 2012, two independent groups simultaneously demonstrated that intuitive mindset enhances belief in God. However, there is now some mixed evidence on both the effectiveness of manipulations used in these studies and the effect of mindset manipulation on belief in God. Thus, this proposal attempted to replicate one of those experiments (Shenhav, Rand & Greene, 2012) for the first time in a high-powered experiment using an under-represented population (Turkey). In line with the intuitive belief hypothesis, a negative correlation between reflectiveness and religious belief emerged, at least in one of the experimental conditions. In contrast to that hypothesis, however, the results revealed no effect of the cognitive style manipulation on religious belief. Although a self-report measure (Faith in Intuition) provided evidence that the manipulation worked as intended, it did not influence actual performance (Cognitive Reflection Test), suggesting a demand effect problem. Overall, the results failed to provide support for the intuitive belief hypothesis in our non-WEIRD sample, despite generally following the predicted patterns, and suggest that using stronger manipulation techniques are warranted in future studies.
Citation Count: 0
Donors' Evaluation of Their Lives Following the Diagnosis of Liver Failure and Transplantation Surgery
(Elsevier France-Editions Scientifiques Medicales Elsevier, 2015) Krespi-Boothby, Margörit Rita; Tankurt, A.; Acarli, Koray; Kalayoglu, Murat; Kanmaz, Turan
[Abstract Not Available]
Citation Count: 7
Early Event Understanding Predicts Later Verb Comprehension and Motion Event Lexicalization
(Amer Psychologıcal Assoc, 2019) Aktan-Erciyes, Aslı; Göksun, Tilbe
Before infants produce words, they can discriminate changes in motion event components such as manner (how an action is performed) and path (trajectory of an action). Individual differences in nonlinguistic event categorization are related to children's later verb comprehension (Konishi, Stahl, Golinkoff, & Hirsh-Pasek, 2016). We asked: (a) Do infants learning Turkish, a verb-framed language, attend to both manner and path changes in motion events? (b) Is early detection of path and manner related to children's later verb comprehension and (c) how they describe motion events? Thirty-two Turkish-reared children were tested at three time points. At Time 1, infants (M-age = 14.5 months) were tested on their detection of changes in path and manner using the Preferential Looking Paradigm. At Time 2, children were tested on their receptive language skills (M-age = 22.07 months). At Time 3, children performed 3 tasks (M-age = 35.05 months): a verb comprehension task, an event description task depicting motion events with different path and manner combinations, and an expressive language task. The ability to detect changes in event components at Time 1 predicted verb comprehension abilities at Time 3, beyond general receptive and expressive vocabulary skills at Times 2 and 3. Infants who noticed changes in path and manner at Time 1 used fewer manner-only descriptions and more path-any descriptions (i.e., descriptions that included a path component with or without manner) in their speech at Time 3. These findings suggest that early detection of event components is associated not only with verb comprehension, but also with how children lexicalize event components in line with their native language.
Citation Count: 5
The Effect of Self-Concept Clarity on Discretionary Spending Tendency
(Elsevier Science Bv, 2016) Sarial-Abi, Gulen; Gurhan-Canli, Zeynep; Kumkale, Gökçe Tarcan; Yoon, Yeosun
Discretionary spending is an important indicator of economic well-being. However prior research is limited in empirically testing who is more likely to make discretionary purchases. To address this research gap this article suggests that those who have less clearly and confidently defined internally consistent and temporally stable self-knowledge (i.e. those who have low self-concept clarity [SCC]) have higher discretionary spending tendencies than high-SCC individuals. The results indicate that low-SCC individuals have higher discretionary spending tendencies because they are more likely to adopt avoidant coping strategies than are high-SCC individuals. This research further tests the effectiveness of elaboration on potential outcomes in reducing the discretionary spending tendencies of individuals with high- or low-SCC and demonstrates that it is effective only for high-SCC individuals. This article concludes with a discussion of the theoretical and managerial implications of the results. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Citation Count: 0
Electronic cigarette and quit smoking quest in Twitter: Preliminary study
(European Respiratory Soc Journals Ltd, 2018) Çarkoğlu, Aslı; Çarkoğlu, Aslı; Kurnaz, Ahmet
Aims: Use of electronic cigarettes has dramatically increased in last few years. Although the sales of e-cigarettes were banned since 2013, they can still be easily purchased via online sales, and its' advertisement is rife in the social media. We aimed to take a closer look at the contents of the shared information about e-cigarettes on one such media outlet, Twitter. Methods: We tracked twitter for 102 days (from 25.09.2017-26.01.2018) searching for Turkish key words “electronic cigarettes”, “ ecigarettes”, or “e-cigarettes” using R software. This data was classified using unsupervised topic modelling. Resulting dataset was reduced and classified and 15 topics were established. Results: First 10 terms under each of the 15 topics were prioritized for this presentation. Words such as tobacco, dependence, cancerogen, substance, containing, waterpipe, liquid, liver indicated a general “harms of e-cigarettes” idea. Terms such as liquid, atomiser, IQS, health, aroma, variety, price, e-cigarette device pointed to “product advertising and marketing”. Text under topic 8 was more concerned with legalization issues, indicated by text such as “Iqos”(6) “omnibus bill”, “legal”. Text under topics 9 and 10 and the videos under topic 11 were mostly related to constraints in use and safety issues. Conclusion: Results of the study showed that chatter in the Turkish social media is mostly focused on those smokers contemplating quitting due to health risks involved in smoking. This points to an important opportunity for tobacco control community in Turkey to further inform the public on healthy ways to quit smoking and work to make cessation services more accessable Footnotes Cite this article as: European Respiratory Journal 2018 52: Suppl. 62, PA4544. This is an ERS International Congress abstract. No full-text version is available. Further material to accompany this abstract may be available at www.ers-education.org (ERS member access only).

Browse

Browsing Psikoloji Bölümü Koleksiyonu by Scopus Q "Q1"