Psikoloji Bölümü Koleksiyonu

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12469/60

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Citation - WoS: 8
Citation - Scopus: 7
Are We at All Liberal at Heart? High-Powered Tests Find No Effect of Intuitive Thinking on Moral Foundations
(Academic Press Inc., 2021) Yılmaz, Onurcan;İşler, Ozan;Doğruyol, Burak
Two opposing views define the debate on the moral principles underlying human behavior. One side argues a central role for five moral foundations (care, fairness, loyalty, authority, sanctity), while the other argues that two of these (care, fairness) capture the essence of human moral concerns. In an experiment comparing these two views, Wright and Baril (2011) found that conservatives under cognitive load devalue loyalty, authority and sanctity, and become more liberal. Their finding of common intuitive concern with care and fairness supports the two-foundation perspective. In two high-powered preregistered experiments (N = 3275), we used time-pressure to induce intuitive thinking and tested Wright and Baril's finding that “we are all liberals at heart.” Although the manipulations worked as intended, Study 1 failed to identify an effect on the moral foundations questionnaire (MFQ). We conjectured that familiarity with standard survey items may weaken intuition manipulations by eliciting stable opinions. In Study 2, we therefore used not only the MFQ but also novel moral foundations vignettes. Study 2 failed to find an effect of time-pressure on either questionnaire type. An internal Bayesian meta-analysis indicated strong evidence against an effect of intuitive thinking on moral foundations.
Beliefs of Donors About Liver Failure and Transplantation Surgery
(Elsevier France-Editions Scientifiques Medicales Elsevier, 2015) Krespi-Boothby, Margörit Rita; Tankurt, A.; Acarlı, Koray; Kalayoğlu, Murat; Kanmaz, Turan
[Abstract Not Available]
Citation - WoS: 7
Citation - Scopus: 6
Beyond a Paycheck: the Influence of Workforce Participation on Women's Cancer Screening in Turkey
(Springer/Plenum Publishers, 2016) Sen, Celia K. Naivar; Baruh, Lemi; Kumkale, Gökçe Tarcan
The present study investigates the influence of workforce participation on women's cancer screening behaviors in Turkey. In cultures with predominantly Muslim populations like Turkey emphasis is typically placed on a woman's traditional role as a child bearer. Although the impact of workforce participation on women's welfare has been studied in various contexts the relationship between workforce participation and health protective behavior has received scant attention. Using quantitative data from a survey of women aged 40 and above from 33 urban cities in Turkey (N = 483) we examine the influence of workforce participation on breast and cervical cancer screening behaviors. Homemakers were less likely than working/retired women to be up-to-date on screenings. Women with lower income and education screened less
Citation - WoS: 23
Citation - Scopus: 25
Cognitive Styles and Religion
(Elsevier B.V., 2021) Yılmaz, Onurcan
I discuss recent research suggesting that individual differences in cognitive style give rise to and explain religious and related supernatural and paranormal beliefs. To do so, I illustrate intuitive cognitive biases (e.g., anthropomorphism) underlying these beliefs and then review the accumulated evidence indicating that non-believers are more open-minded, reflective, and less susceptible to holding epistemically suspect beliefs (e.g., conspiracy theories) on average than those who believe in supernatural events or paranormal experiences such as astrology or magic. However, seeing religion as a search for truth positively predicts reasoning performance. Although these findings are robust across diverse measures, evidence for a causal relationship remains mixed. Stronger and more precise manipulations and cross-cultural investigations are needed.
Citation - WoS: 35
Citation - Scopus: 39
Compliance With Smoke-Free Legislation Within Public Buildings: a Cross-Sectional Study in Turkey
(World Health Organization, 2016) Navas-Acien, Ana; Çarkoğlu, Aslı; Ergör, Gül; Hayran, Mutlu; Ergüder, Toker; Kaplan, Bekir; Susan, Jolie; Magid, Hoda; Pollak, Jonathan; Cohen, Joanna E.
ObjectiveTo investigate public compliance with legislation to prohibit smoking within public buildings and the extent of tobacco smoking in outdoor areas in Turkey. Methods Using a standardized observation protocol we determined whether smoking occurred and whether ashtrays cigarette butts and/or no-smoking signs were present in a random selection of 884 public venues in 12 cities in Turkey. We visited indoor and outdoor locations in bars/nightclubs cafes government buildings hospitals restaurants schools shopping malls traditional coffee houses and universities. We used logistic regression models to determine the association between the presence of ashtrays or the absence of no-smoking signs and the presence of individuals smoking or cigarette butts. Findings Most venues had no-smoking signs (629/884). We observed at least one person smoking in 145 venues most frequently observed in bars/nightclubs (63/79) hospital dining areas (18/79) traditional coffee houses (27/120) and government-building dining areas (5/23). For 538 venues we observed outdoor smoking close to public buildings. The presence of ashtrays was positively associated with indoor smoking and cigarette butts adjusted odds ratio aOR: 315.9
Citation - WoS: 1
Digital Epidemiology: Can Google Trends Give Some Information About Electronic Cigarette Usage in Turkey?
(European Respiratory Soc Journals Ltd, 2018) Uysal, Mehmet Atilla; Niksarlioglu, Yelda; Çarkoğlu, Aslı; Uysal, Omer; Kutluk, Ali Cevat; Karadag, Bulent
[Abstract Not Available]
Citation - WoS: 9
Citation - Scopus: 9
Does an Abstract Mind-Set Increase the Internal Consistency of Moral Attitudes and Strengthen Individualizing Foundations?
(Sage Publications Inc, 2020) Sinan, Alper; Yılmaz, Onurcan
Recent research suggests that experimentally inducing an abstract (vs. a concrete) mind-set enhances political sophistication by increasing the consistency in political attitudes; it also enhances individualizing moral foundations and decreases binding moral foundations. However, the evidence is mixed regarding whether abstract mind-set increases or decreases the strength of moral convictions in general. In this context, the aim of this study was 2-fold. In two preregistered studies on U.S. American and Turkish samples (aggregate N = 694), we tested (1) whether abstract mind-set increases the consistency in moral convictions, similar to the case of political attitudes, and (2) whether inducing an abstract mind-set increases individualizing and decreases binding foundations. The results did not provide support for any of the hypotheses and the past findings were not reproduced. Potential implications of these findings for construal level theory literature are discussed.
Donors' Evaluation of Their Lives Following the Diagnosis of Liver Failure and Transplantation Surgery
(Elsevier France-Editions Scientifiques Medicales Elsevier, 2015) Krespi-Boothby, Margörit Rita; Tankurt, A.; Acarli, Koray; Kalayoglu, Murat; Kanmaz, Turan
[Abstract Not Available]
Citation - WoS: 8
Citation - Scopus: 10
The Effect of Self-Concept Clarity on Discretionary Spending Tendency
(Elsevier Science Bv, 2016) Sarial-Abi, Gulen; Gurhan-Canli, Zeynep; Kumkale, Gökçe Tarcan; Yoon, Yeosun
Discretionary spending is an important indicator of economic well-being. However prior research is limited in empirically testing who is more likely to make discretionary purchases. To address this research gap this article suggests that those who have less clearly and confidently defined internally consistent and temporally stable self-knowledge (i.e. those who have low self-concept clarity [SCC]) have higher discretionary spending tendencies than high-SCC individuals. The results indicate that low-SCC individuals have higher discretionary spending tendencies because they are more likely to adopt avoidant coping strategies than are high-SCC individuals. This research further tests the effectiveness of elaboration on potential outcomes in reducing the discretionary spending tendencies of individuals with high- or low-SCC and demonstrates that it is effective only for high-SCC individuals. This article concludes with a discussion of the theoretical and managerial implications of the results. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Electronic Cigarette and Quit Smoking Quest in Twitter: Preliminary Study
(European Respiratory Soc Journals Ltd, 2018) Uysal, Mehmet Atilla; Çarkoğlu, Aslı; Kurnaz, Ahmet
Aims: Use of electronic cigarettes has dramatically increased in last few years. Although the sales of e-cigarettes were banned since 2013, they can still be easily purchased via online sales, and its' advertisement is rife in the social media. We aimed to take a closer look at the contents of the shared information about e-cigarettes on one such media outlet, Twitter. Methods: We tracked twitter for 102 days (from 25.09.2017-26.01.2018) searching for Turkish key words “electronic cigarettes”, “ ecigarettes”, or “e-cigarettes” using R software. This data was classified using unsupervised topic modelling. Resulting dataset was reduced and classified and 15 topics were established. Results: First 10 terms under each of the 15 topics were prioritized for this presentation. Words such as tobacco, dependence, cancerogen, substance, containing, waterpipe, liquid, liver indicated a general “harms of e-cigarettes” idea. Terms such as liquid, atomiser, IQS, health, aroma, variety, price, e-cigarette device pointed to “product advertising and marketing”. Text under topic 8 was more concerned with legalization issues, indicated by text such as “Iqos”(6) “omnibus bill”, “legal”. Text under topics 9 and 10 and the videos under topic 11 were mostly related to constraints in use and safety issues. Conclusion: Results of the study showed that chatter in the Turkish social media is mostly focused on those smokers contemplating quitting due to health risks involved in smoking. This points to an important opportunity for tobacco control community in Turkey to further inform the public on healthy ways to quit smoking and work to make cessation services more accessable Footnotes Cite this article as: European Respiratory Journal 2018 52: Suppl. 62, PA4544. This is an ERS International Congress abstract. No full-text version is available. Further material to accompany this abstract may be available at www.ers-education.org (ERS member access only).
Citation - WoS: 6
Citation - Scopus: 11
Engaging Nurses in Smoking Cessation: Challenges and Opportunities in Turkey
(Elsevier Ireland Ltd., 2018) Nichter, Mimi; Çarkoğlu, Aslı; Nichter, Mark; Ozcan, Seyda; Uysal, Mehmet Atilla
This paper discusses the training of nurses in smoking cessation as part of routine patient care in Turkey. Formative research was carried out prior to training to identify challenges faced by smokers when trying to quit. Site visits to government hospitals and cessation clinics were conducted to observe health care provider-patient interactions involving behavior change. Four culturally sensitive cessation training workshops for nurses (n=54) were conducted in Istanbul. Following training nurses were debriefed on their experiences delivering cessation advice. Challenges to cessation counseling included lack of time and incentives for nurse involvement, lack of skills to deliver information about the harm of smoking and benefits of quitting, the medicalization of cessation through the use of pharmaceuticals, and hospital policy which devalues time spent on cessation activities. The pay-for-performance model currently adopted in hospitals has de-incentivized doctor participation in cessation clinics. Nurses play an important role in smoking cessation in many countries. In Turkey hospital policy will require change so that cessation counseling can become a routine part of nursing practice incentives for providing cessation are put in place and task sharing between nurses and doctors is clarified. Nurses and doctors need to receive training in both the systemic harms of smoking and cessation counseling skills. Opportunities challenges and lessons learned are highlighted. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Citation - WoS: 10
Citation - Scopus: 13
Factors That Influence Attitude and Enforcement of the Smoke-Free Law in Turkey: a Survey of Hospitality Venue Owners and Employees
(Bmj Publishing Group, 2017) Aherrera, Angela; Çarkoğlu, Aslı; Hayran, Mutlu; Ergör, Gül; Ergüder, Toker; Kaplan, Bekir; Susan, Jolie; Zheng, Laura; Cohen, Joanna E.; Navas-Acien, Ana
Introduction In 2009 Turkey extended the smoke-free legislation to hospitality venues. Compliance however remains low in some hospitality venues. We identified characteristics associated with knowledge of health effects that can be prevented by the smoke-free law the attitude towards and enforcement of the law. Methods In 2014 we conducted 400 interviews with hospitality venue owners and employees in 7 cities in Turkey. The venues were identified based on a random sampling strategy in a previous phase of the study. Results Over one-third (37.3%) of hospitality owners and employees had adequate knowledge of the health effects from secondhand smoke (SHS) 71.3% had a positive attitude towards the law and 19.5% had personally enforced the law. Participants who worked 70 hours or more per week were more likely to have a positive attitude towards the law. Older individuals women participants working in bars/nightclubs venue owners receiving fines for non-compliance and current smokers were less likely to have a positive attitude towards the law. Participants working in traditional coffee houses former smokers and participants with a high school education or greater were more likely to enforce the law. Smokers who quit or reduced smoking because of the law were more likely to enforce the law compared with those who were not influenced by the law. Conclusions Although the attitude towards the law was positive interventions are needed to increase knowledge on the health effects of SHS and facilitate enforcement of the law particularly among subgroups less likely to have a positive attitude and enforce the law.
Factors That Influence Support and Enforcement of the Smoke-Free Law in Turkey
(Oxford University Press, 2016) Hayran, Mutlu; Aherrera, Angela; Çarkoğlu, Aslı; Ergör, Gül; Ergüder, Toker; Kaplan, Bekir; Susan, Jolie; Zheng, Laura; Cohen, Joanna E.; Navas-Acien, Ana
[Abstract Not Available]
Citation - WoS: 21
Citation - Scopus: 24
How People Can Become Persuaded by Weak Messages Presented by Credible Communicators: Not All Sleeper Effects Are Created Equal
(Academic Press Inc Elsevier Science, 2017) Albarracin, Dolores; Kumkale, Gökçe Tarcan; Vento, Patrick Poyner-Del
The sleeper effect has been proposed to describe temporal changes in persuasion for messages associated with noncredible sources. The present research introduces a new kind of sleeper effect denoting increases in persuasion for weak messages associated with credible sources. This effect of the source was hypothesized to derive from attending to the message source rather than the message arguments and reconstructing delayed attitudes primarily on the basis of the source information. Findings from three experiments revealed that when the focus of attention was the communicator there was a sleeper effect for the source. Specifically during the time between an immediate follow up and a delayed follow up persuasion increased when credible sources presented weak arguments. In contrast when the focus of attention was the message arguments a traditional sleeper effect emerged. That is persuasion increased when strong arguments were presented by a noncredible communicator. These effects were mediated by relative recall of arguments versus source attributes and replicated with different message topics and lengths of delay. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier Inc.
Citation - WoS: 18
Citation - Scopus: 15
Identifying City Differences in Perceived Group Discrimination Among Second-Generation Turks and Moroccans in Belgium
(Routledge Journals Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2015) Alanya, Ahu; Baysu, Gülseli; Swyngedouw, Marc
This study investigates the effects of city context on the levels and predictors of perceived group discrimination (GD) among Turkish and Moroccan second-generation immigrants in Belgium. Based on the Integration of the European Second-generation (TIES) data we address two main questions: (1) Are there significant differences in the levels of perceived GD between the two cities in Belgium (Antwerp and Brussels) within each immigrant group? (2) Who perceives more GD within each city? To answer these questions possible composition effects should be controlled. Accordingly we use propensity-score matching to make second-generation immigrant samples from the two cities reasonably comparable with respect to socio-demographic characteristics. Concerning the first research question we find that after propensity-score matching the Turkish second-generation perceive more GD in Antwerp than in Brussels. For the Moroccan group however the city differences in perceived GD are no longer significant after matching. With regards to the second research question we find that those who are more socio-economically integrated and those who perceive more threat in their city are more likely to perceive GD.
Citation - WoS: 9
Citation - Scopus: 12
Implicit Evaluations About Driving Skills Predicting Driving Performance
(Elsevier Science, 2018) Bıçaksız, Pinar; Harma, Mehmet; Doğruyol, Burak; Lajunen, Timo; Özkan, Türker
Self-reported measures of driving skills have the potential shortcomings of the general self report methodology such as social responding and self-enhancement biases. In the present study the Implicit Association Test (IAT) procedure was adapted to measure the implicit evaluations of driving skills. The performance of IAT and an explicit self-report measure of driving skills were compared in predicting driver behaviors and performance. Ninetyone Turkish male drivers participated in the study. The results showed that the implicit test and the self-reported driving skills scale showed different patterns of relationships with the outcome measures in the regression analyses. In addition the implicit measure of driving skills moderated the relationship between self-reported driving skills and some of the outcome measures used in the current study. These results support the need to use the implicit measures in addition to self-report measures to better understand drivers evaluations of their driving skills which has the potential to influence their risky driving. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Citation - WoS: 61
Citation - Scopus: 68
Minority Adolescents in Ethnically Diverse Schools: Perceptions of Equal Treatment Buffer Threat Effects
(Wiley, 2016) Baysu, Gülseli; Celeste, Laura; Brown, Rupert; Verschueren, Karine; Phalet, Karen
Can perceptions of equal treatment buffer the negative effects of threat on the school success of minority studentş Focusing on minority adolescents from Turkish and Moroccan heritage in Belgium (M-age=14.5 N=735 in 47 ethnically diverse schools) multilevel mediated moderation analyses showed: (a) perceived discrimination at school predicted lower test performance (b) experimentally manipulated stereotype threat decreased performance (mediated by increased disengagement) (c) perceived equal treatment at school predicted higher performance (mediated by decreased disengagement) and (d) personal and peer perceptions of equal treatment buffered negative effects of discrimination and stereotype threat. Thus (situational) stereotype threat and perceived discrimination at school both undermine minority student success whereas perceived equal treatment can provide a buffer against such threats.
Citation - WoS: 12
Citation - Scopus: 12
Positional Priming of Visual Pop-Out Search Is Supported by Multiple Spatial Reference Frames
(Frontiers Media, 2015) Gökçe, Ahu; Mueller, Hermann J.; Geyer, Thomas
The present study investigates the representations(s) underlying positional priming of visual pop-out' search (Maljkodc and Nakayama 1996). Three search items (one target and two distractors) were presented at different locations in invariant (Experiment 1) or random (Experiment 2) cross-trial sequences. By these manipulations it was possible to disentangle retinotopic spatiotopic and object-centered priming representations. Two forms of priming were tested: target location facilitation (i.e. faster reaction times - RTswhen the trial n target is presented at a trial n-1 target relative to n-1 blank location) and distractor location inhibition (i.e. slower RTs for n targets presented at n-1 distractor compared to n-1 blank locations). It was found that target locations were coded in positional short-term memory with reference to both spatiotopic and object-centered representations (Experiment 1 vs. 2). In contrast distractor locations were maintained in an object-centered reference frame (Experiments 1 and 2). We put forward the idea that the uncertainty induced by the experiment manipulation (predictable versus random cross-trial item displacements) modulates the transition from object- to space-based representations in cross-trial memory for target positions.
Citation - WoS: 147
Citation - Scopus: 146
Psychological Correlates of Covid-19 Conspiracy Beliefs and Preventive Measures: Evidence From Turkey
(Springer, 2020) Alper, Sinan; Bayrak, Fatih; Yılmaz, Onurcan
COVID-19 pandemic has led to popular conspiracy theories regarding its origins and widespread concern over the level of compliance with preventive measures. In the current preregistered research, we recruited 1088 Turkish participants and investigated (a) individual differences associated with COVID-19 conspiracy beliefs; (2) whether such conspiracy beliefs are related to the level of preventive measures; and (3) other individual differences that might be related to the preventive measures. Higher faith in intuition, uncertainty avoidance, impulsivity, generic conspiracy beliefs, religiosity, and right-wing ideology, and a lower level of cognitive reflection were associated with a higher level of belief in COVID-19 conspiracy theories. There was no association between COVID-19 conspiracy beliefs and preventive measures while perceived risk was positively and impulsivity negatively correlated with preventive measures. We discuss the implications and directions for future research.
Citation - WoS: 45
Citation - Scopus: 50
Relative Group Size and Minority School Success: the Role of Intergroup Friendship and Discrimination Experiences
(Wiley-Blackwell, 2014) Baysu, Gülseli; Phalet, Karen; Brown, Rupert
From an intergroup relations perspective relative group size is associated with the quantity and quality of intergroup contact: more positive contact (i.e. intergroup friendship) supports and negative contact (i.e. experienced discrimination) hampers minority identity and school success. Accordingly we examined intergroup contact as the process through which perceived relative proportions of minority and majority students in school affected minority success (i.e. school performance satisfaction and self-efficacy). Turkish minorities (N = 1060) were compared in four Austrian and Belgian cities which differ in their typical school ethnic composition. Across cities minority experiences of intergroup contact fully mediated the impact of perceived relative group size on school success. As expected higher minority presence impaired school success through restricting intergroup friendship and increasing experienced discrimination. The association between minority presence and discrimination was curvilinear however so that schools where minority students predominated offered some protection from discrimination. To conclude the comparative findings reveal positive and negative intergroup contact as key processes that jointly explain when and how higher proportions of minority students affect school success.

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