Psikoloji Bölümü Koleksiyonu

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://gcris.khas.edu.tr/handle/20.500.12469/60

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Now showing 1 - 4 of 4

Citation Count: 3
Cultural differences in performance on Eriksen's flanker task
(Springer, 2020) Arslan Uzundağ, Berna; Ksander, John; Millar, Peter R.; Arslan Uzundağ, Berna; Sekuler, Robert; Boduroğlu, Ayşecan
Eriksen's zoom model of attention implies a trade-off between the breadth and resolution of representations of information. Following this perspective, we used Eriksen's flanker task to investigate culture's influence on attentional allocation and attentional resolution. In Experiment1, the spatial distance of the flankers was varied to test whether people from Eastern cultures (here, Turks) experienced more interference than people from Western cultures (here, Americans) when flankers were further from the target. In Experiment2, the contrast of the flankers was varied. The pattern of results shows that congruency of the flankers (Experiment1) as well as the degree of contrast of the flankers compared with the target (Experiment2) interact with participants' cultural background to differentially influence accuracy or reaction times. In addition, we used evidence accumulation modeling to jointly consider measures of speed and accuracy. Results indicate that to make decisions in the Eriksen flanker task, Turks both accumulate evidence faster and require more evidence than Americans do. These cultural differences in visual attention and decision-making have implications for a wide variety of cognitive processes.
Citation Count: 2
Different Types of Religiosity and Lay Intuitions About Free Will/Determinism in Turkey
(Routledge Journals Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2018) Yılmaz, Onurcan; Harma, Mehmet; Harma, Mehmet
Religiosity has been found to be positively associated with belief in free will (FW) in the Western world. In the Muslim world however religiosity exhibits several characteristics that set it apart from the Western world including an overemphasis on fate or divine predestination. We therefore investigated FW/determinism beliefs and different types of religiosity and conservatism in two samples in Turkey a predominantly Muslim country (N=1690). In Study 1 a confirmatory factor analysis showed that FAD-Plus provided good fit to the data. Study 2 revealed that FW belief is not related to any of the religiosity measures (intrinsic extrinsic quest) whereas fatalistic determinism is consistently related to religiosity. The unique predictor of free will turned out to be belief in a just world. Overall these findings indicate that FW belief is not inherently related to religiosity in Turkey whereas fatalistic determinism is central to Turkish people's belief systems.
Citation Count: 10
Executive function and theory of mind as predictors of socially withdrawn behavior in institutionalized children
(Wiley, 2018) Harma, Mehmet; Yavuz, H. Melis; Etel, Evren; Harma, Mehmet; Ruffman, Ted
False belief understanding and executive functions are two main sociocognitive abilities reliably linked to child social competence. Although institution reared children are especially at risk for behavioral problems and cognitive delays, the role that executive function and false belief understanding might play in the social withdrawal of institutionalized children has not been examined. The current study used twöwave data to investigate the concurrent and longitudinal relations of social withdrawal with executive function and false belief understanding in institutionalized children; it also allowed investigation of the directionality between executive function and false belief understanding. Data were collected from 66 Turkish children (T1 M = 57.83 months, SD = 9.20; T2 M = 69.58 months, SD = 8.45) residing in institutions, at two time points, approximately 1 year apart. We measured false belief understanding and executive function via individual assessments, and social withdrawal via care provider reports at both time points. Results showed that both executive function and false belief understanding increased between T1 and T2, while social withdrawal did not show a significant change. Path analysis revealed that when T1 age and language were controlled, T1 executive function predicted T2 executive function, and in turn, T2 executive function predicted lessened social withdrawal at T2. In addition, T1 executive function predicted T2 false belief understanding. T1 false belief understanding was not related to T2 false belief understanding, executive function, or social withdrawal. Findings suggested that executive function is an important predictor of social withdrawal in high risk populations.
Citation Count: 17
Representing the collective past: public event memories and future simulations in Turkey
(Routledge, 2020) Öner, Sezin; Gülgöz, Sami
Common processes involved in remembering and predicting personal and public events have led researchers to study public events as a part of autobiographical memory. In the present study, we asked for past events and future predictions and examined the temporal distribution and factors that made these salient in event representations. A sample of 1577 individuals reported six most important public events since their birth and six future events that they expected. Past events mostly came from the recent past and were negative in valence. Similarly, future predictions consisted of negative events that are expected to occur in the near past. We did not find a reminiscence bump but there was a strong recency effect. Despite being inconsistent with some literature, this supports the view that remembering the past is largely influenced by the current goals and experiences. Also, in predicting what is remembered from the past and what is expected in the future, what individuals believed others would report appeared as a robust predictor.

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