Ekonomi Bölümü Koleksiyonu
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12469/57
Browse
Recent Submissions
Article Citation - WoS: 13Citation - Scopus: 14Energy-Saving Behavior of Turkish Women: a Consumer Survey on the Use of Home Appliances(Sage Publications Ltd, 2017) Ucal, Meltem ŞengünThis paper focuses on energy-related attitudes and behaviors of Turkish women who are the main users of electrical home appliances responsible for most household energy consumption. Answers from 1323 female respondents surveyed through a unique questionnaire formed the dataset. The results from analysis of variance show that education has a significant effect on the relationship between energy saving and awareness and attitudes about climate change. Significant differences also exist between education level groups in terms of knowledge of the classification of energy-saving electrical home appliances. Responses to questions related to energy-saving purchasing behaviors are consistently higher for knowledgeable respondents. The paper then uses factor analysis and ordinal logit models to reveal interactions between energy-saving behavior regarding electrical home appliances and several factors namely awareness sensitivity essentials and receptiveness. The identification of these factors can provide useful insights for policy makers that enable them to construct energy-saving policies specifically tailored toward women.Article Citation - WoS: 8Citation - Scopus: 10Growth and Distribution After the 2007-2008 Us Financial Crisis: Who Shouldered the Burden of the Crisis?(Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd, 2016) Dufour, Mathieu; Orhangazi, ÖzgürThe post-1980 era witnessed an increase in the frequency and severity of financial crises around the globe the majority of which took place in low-and middle-income countries. Studies of the impacts of these crises have identified three broad sets of consequences. First the burden of crises falls disproportionately on labor in general and low-income segments of society in particular. In the years following financial crises wages and labor share of income fall the rate of unemployment increases the power of labor and labor unions is eroded and income inequality and rates of poverty increase. Capital as a whole on the other hand usually recovers quickly and most of the time gains more ground. Second the consequences of crises are visible not only through asset and income distribution but also in government policies. Government policies in most cases favor capital especially financial capital at the expense of large masses. In addition many crises have presented opportunities for further deregulation and liberalization not only in financial markets but in the rest of the economy as well. Third in the aftermath of financial crises in low-and middle-income economies capital inflows may increase as international capital seeks to take advantage of the crisis and acquire domestic financial and non-financial assets. The 2007-2008 financial crisis in the US provides an opportunity to extend this analysis to a leading high-income country and see if the patterns visible in other crises are also visible in this case. Using the questions and issues typically raised in examinations of low-and middle-income countries we study the consequences of the 2007-2008 US financial crisis and complement the budding literature on the 'Great Recession.' In particular we examine the impacts of the crisis on labor and capital with a focus on distributional effects of the crisis such as changes in income shares of labor and capital and the evolution of inequality and poverty. We also analyse the role of government policies through a study of government taxation and spending policies and examine capital flow patterns.Article Citation - WoS: 7Citation - Scopus: 7Investment on Human Capital in a Dynamic Contest Model(Walter De Gruyter Gmbh, 2019) Keskin, Kerim; Sağlam, ÇağrıAlthough most contest games are modeled in such a way that the outcome depends only on the efforts exerted by the contestants what is arguably more important is the contestants' effective efforts which may be influenced also by their ability human capital strength etc. In this paper we investigate an extensive model including such an effectiveness parameter and analyze the optimal investment behavior in a dynamic conflict framework. At each period two contestants compete for a common prize by choosing contest efforts and investment levels. Each contestant's investment accumulates as his/her human capital which depreciates through time. Who wins the component contest at a particular period is determined by the contestants' effective efforts defined as increasing functions of their efforts and human capitals. Following the analysis of subgame perfect Nash equilibrium in a two-period model and of open-loop equilibrium in an infinite-horizon model we provide intuitive comparative static results.Article İKLİM DEĞİŞİKLİĞİ SÜRECİNDE EKONOMİDEKİ YENİ KAVRAMLAR VE YAKLAŞIMLAR(Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, 2017) Ucal, Meltem Şengün; An, Nazan; Kurnaz, Leventİklim değişikliği günümüzde tüm dünya üzerinde etkili olmakla birlikte özellikle gelişmekte olan ülkelerde bölgesel bazda daha önemli etkilere sahip, gelecekte de ekosistem hizmetleri aracılığıyla insanlığı ciddi şekilde tehdit etme potansiyeli bulunan küresel bir sorundur. İklim değişikliğine büyük ölçüde insan aktivitelerinin yol açtığı düşünüldüğünde, iklim değişikliğinde ekonomik aktivitelerin rolünün tartışılmaz olduğu açıktır. Küresel nüfus artışına bağlı olarak ekonomik aktivitelerde de artış yaşanacağı ifade edilmektedir. Özellikle büyüme odaklı ekonomilerde ekonomik büyümenin sağlanması yönünde gerçekleştirilen ve nüfus artışıyla birlikte daha da artacağı düşünülen ekonomik aktivitelere bağlı fosil yakıt tüketimi ve arazi kullanımı değişikliği sonucu atmosferdeki sera gazı konsantrasyonu artmaktadır ve gelecek birkaç on yılda çok daha artması beklenmektedir. Ekonomik büyümenin istikrarlı bir şekilde devam ettirilebilmesi paralelinde doğal kaynakların sürdürülebilirliğinin sağlanması da büyük önem taşımaktadır. Ekonomik büyümenin hız kesmeden devam edeceğini varsaydığımızda çevresel sınırlamaların varlığını da dikkate almamız ve kaynakları sürdürülebilir hale getirmemiz gerekmektedir. Sürdürülebilir bir kaynak kullanımı da ancak kaynak kullanımının ekonomik büyümeden ayrıklaştırılması yoluyla mümkün görünmektedir ve bu kavram küresel kaynak akışı paralelinde dikkat edilmesi gereken bir kavram olarak ortaya çıkmaktadır. Çalışmamız bu temel üzerine kurulmuştur. Makale, ayrıklaştırmanın önemini vurgulamakta ve ayrıklaştırmayı her yönüyle ele almaktadır. Ayrıklaştırmanın nasıl ölçüldüğü ve ayrıklaştırma sürecinin nasıl izlenmesi gerektiği incelenerek, ayrıklaştırma açısından gelişmiş ülke ve gelişmekte olan ülke farklılıkları ve iklim değişikliği kapsamında ayrıklaştırma süreci değerlendirilmiştir.Article Kalkınma, Kapitalizmin Mantığı ve Eşit Olmayan Gelişme(İ.Ü. İktisat Fakültesi Mezunları Cemiyeti, 2011) Orhangazi, ÖzgürKapitalizm, ortaya çıkışından bu yana dünya üzerinde eşit olmayan bir gelişme üretmiştir. İlk başlarda, kapitalizmin ortaya çıktığı bölgeler ve bunların uzantılarıyla dünyanın geri kalanı arasında kurulan ilişkilerin yarattığı eşit olmayan gelişme dinamikleri, sistemin mantığı tarafından sürekli yeniden üretilmektedir. Dünyanın belirli yerlerinde ortaya çıkan iktisadi gelişme, çoğu zaman başka bölgelerde ‘azgelişme’ yaratmaktadır. Gerek 1980 öncesinin devletçi kalkınma politikaları gerekse daha sonra devreye sokulan neoliberal politikalar, ‘azgelişmiş’ ülkelerin ‘gelişmiş’ ülkeler seviyesine ulaşmasını sağlayamamıştır. Gerçek anlamda bir kalkınmadan söz edebilmek için bu piyasacı/devletçi kalkınma ikileminden koparak yeni bir paradigmanın arayışı içerisine girilmesi ve hem iktisadi hem de insani kalkınmanın sermayenin ihtiyaç ve kararlarının insafına bırakılmaması gerekmektedir.Book Part Macroeconomic Adjustment in Asia After the Global Financial Crisis: Japan, Korea, and China(Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2017) Akkemik, K. Ali; Özdemir, Onur[Abstract Not Available]Article Citation - WoS: 7Citation - Scopus: 9Time-Varying Fairness Concerns Delay and Disagreement in Bargaining(Elsevier Science, 2018) Karagozoglu, Emin; Keskin, KerimWe study an alternating-offers bilateral bargaining game where players may derive disutility from accepting shares below what they deem as fair Moreover we assume that the values they attach to fairness (i.e. their sensitivity to violations of their fairness judgments) decrease over time as the deadline approaches. Our results offer a new explanation to delays and disagreements in dynamic negotiations. We show that even mutually compatible fairness judgments do not guarantee an immediate agreement. We partially characterize conditions for delay and disagreement and study the changes in the length of delay in response to changes in the model parameters. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Article Citation - WoS: 21Citation - Scopus: 21A Dynamic Game Theory Model for Tourism Supply Chains(Sage Publications, 2021) Keskin, Kerim; Ucal, Meltem ŞengünThis article contributes to the game-theoretic analysis of tourism supply chains. We start with a baseline model including three types of agents: (a) one theme park, (b) multiple accommodation providers, and (c) multiple tour operators. We investigate the strategic dynamics (i.e., collaboration and competition) embedded in a market with two different tourism supply chains, and then we extend our model to an infinite-horizon repeated game arguing that agents would face the same decision problem in each week of every holiday season in each year. We show how agents in a tourism supply chain end up with higher profits in any given period of a repeated game compared with their profits in the static version of the game.Article On (mis-)perception of Probabilities in First-Price Sealed-Bid Auctions(Economics Bulletin, 2019) Kantur, Zeynep; Keskin, KerimWe study a two-stage probability weighting model [see Tversky and Fox 1995] in a first-price sealed-bid auction. We present the unique symmetric equilibrium and provide some experimental support for our model.Article Citation - WoS: 2Citation - Scopus: 3An Econometric Analysis of Imported Timber Demand in Turkey(WFL PUBL, 2013) Kayacan, Bekir; Kara, Oğuz; Ucal, Meltem Şengün; Öztürk, Atakan; Bali, Ramazan; Koçer, Sacit; Kaplan, ErdemThis paper attempts to understand and explain determinants of Turkish demand for foreign timber imported to Turkey. Explanatory variables in the propounded model include price of imported timber price of domestically-produced sawlog as an imperfect substitute income per capita country population and capacity utilization rates (CUR's) and industrial production indices (IPI's) of forest industry sectors. For empirical purpose we used a time series data covering the 15-year period between 1995 and 2009. The econometric model set for there appears to be able to explain more than 96% of the variation in demand for imported timber with all of the parameter estimates except for population parameter being statistically significant. Estimation results confirm the existence of the price elasticity and substitute cross-price elasticity of demand for imported timber. Results also imply that the Turkish firms importing timber tend to consider domestic sawlog prices as much as even more than the price of foreign timber. The hypothesized effects of production changes in wood products and furniture industries on imported timber demand do not appear to be substantiated by this study which can partly be attributed to the partial method of measuring CUR's and IPI's. Meanwhile possible effects of income population and exchange rate index of the Turkish currency on the imported timber demand of the country are not evidenced by the empirical findings of this research. Finally our model forecasts ceteris paribus that by 2016 the level of Turkish demand for imported timber demand can reasonably be expected to exceed 2 million m(3)/year. This corresponds to the level of timber import observed in the years preceding the global economic crisis in 2009.Article Citation - WoS: 5Citation - Scopus: 5Heterogeneous Effects of Minimum Wage on Labor Market Outcomes: a Case Study From Turkey(Walter de Gruyter, 2020) Işık, Enes; Orhangazi, Özgür; Tekgüç, HasanWe assess the effects of a sharp minimum wage increase on wages, informality, and employment in Turkey, a large developing economy with one of the highest minimum wage-to-average wage ratios among OECD countries and widespread discrepancies between labor market outcomes of women and of men. We look at the quasi-experimental 2016 minimum wage increase and pay attention to identifying information coming from demographic groups. We find that the increase in the minimum wage had an economically substantial and statistically significant positive impact on wages. Despite the positive wage effects of the increase, we find no negative employment effects. However, we show that the minimum wage increase may have caused an increase in the share of informal employment among workers with less than tertiary education, especially for such workers working for small firmsArticle Militancy Governance Under State Failure: Models of Legitimacy Contestation in Ungoverned Spaces(2017) Ünver, Hamid AkınThis article makes an empirical exposition of militancy governance under state failure by focusing on ISIS (Islamic State in Iraq and Syria), YPG (People's Protection Units), Luhansk People's Republic and Donetsk People's Republic. Specifically, the article discusses how these groups mobilize different types of grievances and frame their propaganda to exert control over areas where states are weakened. Furthermore, how these groups engage in early modes of pre- and post-territorial control, form governance practices and prioritize particular areas for better administration are also elaborated in detail. Ultimately, the paper argues that Violent Non-State Actors (VNSAs) perform better in areas of low loyalty and high resource-generation and if its territorial ambitions are maximalist (expansionist). Through these variables, we are better able to judge how sustainable these groups will be in their respective territories and how should states approach local governance once these groups are defeated.Book Part Citation - WoS: 1Citation - Scopus: 2Financialization and the Nonfinancial Corporate Sector(Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd, 2015) Orhangazi, Özgür[Abstract Not Available]Other Bankaların Operasyonel Risk Yönetimi Olgunluk Seviyelerinin Oryos Endeksi ile Ölçülmesi ve Basel Iı Kriterlerine Göre Sermaye Yeterlilik Oranının Hesaplanmasında Bir Değişken Olarak Kullanılması(Marmara Üniversitesi, Sos. Bil. Enst., 2012) Aykın, HasanBu çalışmada, finansal kurumlarca önemi son yıllarda daha iyi anlaşılan ve gittikçe daha da artan operasyonel riskin yönetimi ele alınmış olup, sayısallaştırılması diğer riskler gibi kolay olmayan bu riskler için olgunluk modeli kullanılarak bankalar için “Operasyonel Risk Yönetimi Olgunluk Seviyesi” (ORYOS) endeksi hesaplanmıştır. Çalışmanın amacı iki noktada toplanmaktadır; bunlardan ilki, hesaplanan bu endeksle bankaların hem kendi hem de sektördeki seviyelerini daha iyi görebilmeleri, eksik noktalarını tespit edip kendilerine hedefler belirleyebilmeleridir. İkinci amaç ise bu endekse bağlı olarak belirlenecek “ORYOS Sermaye Yükümlülük Çarpanı” ile bankaların sermaye yeterlilik standart oranının hesabında bir düzeltme katsayısı olarak bankanın operasyonel risk yönetimi olgunluk seviyesinin dikkate alınmasını sağlayarak temel gösterge, standart yaklaşım ve alternatif standart yaklaşım kullanılarak yapılan sermaye yeterlilik hesabında daha gerçekçi bir ölçüm ortaya koymaktır.Other Electronic Money in 2000's(Fırat Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 2004) Ucal, Meltem ŞengünPara, dünya ekonomilerinin tümü için gerekli bir araçtır. Buna karşın elektronik para da gelişmiş ülkeler için gerekli bir araç haline gelmiştir. Günümüzde internet ortamı yolu ile yapılan finansal hizmetlerdeki muameleler için elektronik para ve elektronik ödeme sistemleri oldukça popülerdir. Elektronik sistemlerde meydana gelen bu değişmeler ekonomik ortamda gerçekleşen perakende satış ödemelerinde geleneksel işlemlerin yanında iki yeni formu ortaya çıkarmıştır. Bunlar, bir kişisel bilgisayar ile evden veya işyerinden banka işlemleri yapmak ve elektronik nakit kullanımıdır. Söz konusu muameleler güvene dayalı gerçekleştirilir. Özellikle de teknolojilerin hızla değiştiği 2000’li yılları kat edeken, bu sistemde gerçekleşmesi gereken en önemli unsur elektronik paranın kanunlar çerçevesinde değerlendirilmesidir. Fakat Türkiye elektronik para sistemleri için henüz bir kanuni çerçeve çizmemiştir.Article Citation - WoS: 3Citation - Scopus: 3Who Wants Left-Wing Policies? Economic Preferences and Political Cleavages in Turkey(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2020) Yagcı, Alper H.; Harma, Mehmet; Tekgüç, HasanWe administer a survey of economic policy preferences to a representative sample of the Turkish voting-age population. We show that policy preferences are distributed in non-linear ways that are at odds with what could be expected from a conventional left-right division. We find that while objective socioeconomic differences are bad at predicting economic policy preferences, the latter are distinctly associated with politically salient cleavages built on religiosity and ethnicity. We also examine how preferences of each party's voters compare with party programmes.Article Citation - WoS: 15Citation - Scopus: 13Gender and the Wage Gap in Turkish Academia(Routledge Journals Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2015) Ucal, Meltem Şengün; O'Neil, Mary Lou; Toktaş, ŞuleTurkey maintains one of the lowest female labour force participation rates in Europe but also boasts an above average number of female professors. Turkey is well above the European average (15 per cent) with approximately 28 per cent of full professorships being occupied by women. Despite these seemingly positive indications do men and women in Turkish academia earn the same wages? This study explores whether or not there exists a gendered pay gap in Turkish academia. Using data collected from a survey of more than 700 Turkish academics we observed that there is a gendered wage gap that disadvantages women but only at the highest pay levels found at private universities indicating the existence of intra-class inequality where men and women despite occupying the same class position are compensated differently.Article Citation - WoS: 9Citation - Scopus: 10Cumulative Prospect Theory Preferences in Rent-Seeking Contests(Elsevier Science, 2018) Keskin, KerimWe investigate the equilibrium behavior for agents with cumulative prospect theory preferences in rent-seeking contests. Characterizing the equilibrium effort levels we present results on the existence of equilibrium and total rent dissipation. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Conference Object Global Integration Strategies in Times of Crisis - an Event Study of the Impact the Global Financial Crisis Has on Turkish Subsidiaries' Exporting Strategies(Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 2017) Jensen, CamillaPast research suggests that a financial crisis event has a dual and ambiguous effect on the exporting strategy of subsidiaries of multinational firms in a value chain and offshoring perspective. From a total volume perspective exports are expected to contract due to a decline in demand (demand shock) from other subsidiaries downstream in the value chain. While in a comparative perspective multinational subsidiaries are found to perform relatively better than local firms that are integrated differently (arms' length) in global production networks (e.g. offshoring outsourcing). This chapter tries to reconcile these findings by testing a number of hypothesis about global integration strategies in the context of the Global Financial Crisis (GFC) and how it affected exporting among multinational subsidiaries operating out of Turkey. Controlling for the impact that exchange rate depreciations and volatility has on firm-level exports the study shows that the particular global event studied had no additional impact on individual firms' exports. Since multinational subsidiaries are more insulated from these effects they are able to expand rather than contract their global integration strategies throughout the course of the GFC.Article The Relation Between Worldviews and Intergenerational Altruism in Turkey: an Empirical Approach(Univ Babes-Bolyai, 2016) Bulut, Mehmet; Akkemik, K. Ali; Göksal, KorayIntergenerational altruism is an important area of research to understand the impact of culture on economic outcomes. We hypothesize based on recent research about intergenerational altruism and tough love model that worldviews religious beliefs and people's confidence about their worldviews affect intergenerational altruistic economic behaviour. We extend the research on the impact of worldviews on intergenerational altruism by focusing on Turkey. In the empirical analysis we run probit regressions using data from a large national survey. We find that worldviews religiosity and confidence of individuals about their worldviews impact on intergenerational altruistic economic behaviour in Turkey.
