TR-Dizin İndeksli Yayınlar Koleksiyonu
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Article Citation Count: 0The 1921 Constitution and Beyond: Any Inspiration After 100 Years?(Istanbul University Press, 2022) Arat, Nilay; Topukçu, A.The 1921 Constitution has mostly been considered as a unique piece of legal document in Turkish Legal History with regard to the time it was written, the conditions under it was created, the necessity it touched and the era it changed. The 1921 Constitution had been assessed by scholars, bureaucrats, politicians and lawyers in different times from distinct perspectives. It has got special attention lately as regards to the discussions on constitution-making processes. Even after 100 years, many of its features inspire today's constitutional discussions as the 1921 Constitution touches even today's sociological, political and legal needs. In this context, this paper aims to assess the 1921 Constitution first by pointing out the unique features; then, gives try to answer a question posed whether the 1921 Constitution is a constitution itself, or not. This trial is done under the double constitution period discussions and by pulling out the deficiencies of the 1921 Constitution. Subsequently, the box of inspirational touches of the 1921 Constitution to 100 years beyond is opened. In that sense, it has been found that the understanding of sovereignty that brings it down to its origin “earth/humankind”, the idea of local democracy and the vision on fundamental rights and freedoms that open the door to modern understanding of rights on this part of the world, could be drawn/inherited for today's constitutional making processes. © 2022 Istanbul University Press. All Rights Reserved.Article Citation Count: 0"2-pirazolin yapısındaki yeni bir bileşiğin sentezi, moleküler modellemesi ve monoaminoksidaz inhibitörü etkisinin araştırılması"(Türkiye Halk Sağlığı Kurumu, 2018) Yelekçi, Kemal; Uçar, Gülberk; Yelekçi, KemalAmaç: Nöromediatörlerin yıkımından sorumlu olan monoamin oksidaz (MAO) enziminin izoformlarının (MAO-A ve -B) birçok hastalık ile yakından ilişkili olduğu; MAO inhibitörlerinin depresyon, Parkinson ve Alzheimer hastalığı gibi hastalıkların tedavisinde kullanıldığı bilinmektedir. Grubumuzca daha etkin, tersinir ve az yan etkili yeni bir MAO inhibitörü (SH2U bileşiği) sentezlenmiş ve bu bileşiğin insan MAO enzimini (hMAO) inhibe etme yeteneği incelenmiştir. Ayrıca bu yeni bileşiğin hMAO ile etkileşimi, moleküler modelleme çalışmaları ile detaylı bir şekilde araştırılmıştır. Sentezlenen yeni bileşiğin hMAO’yu kuvvetli bir şekilde yarışmalı ve tersinir olarak inhibe ettiği bulunmuştur. Söz konusu bileşiğin Parkinson ve Alzheimer hastalıklarının tedavisinde ümit verici bir ilaç etken maddesi olabileceği düşünülmektedir. Yöntem: 3’,5’-Dikloro-2’-hidroksi asetofenon ile p-tolualdehit’in metanol içinde KOH varlığında reaksiyona girmesiyle 1-(3,5-dikloro-2-hidroksifenil)- 3-p-tolil prop-2-en-1-on (3’,5’-Dikloro-2’-hidroksi-4- metil şalkon) bileşiği sentez edilmiştir. Daha sonra elde edilen bu bileşiğin etanol içerisinde geri çeviren soğutucu altında izonikotinik asit hidrazit ile muamele edilmesiyle [3-(3,5-dikloro-2-hidroksifenil)-5-p-tolil-4,5- dihidropirazol-1-il] (piridin-4-il) metanon bileşiği sentez edilmiştir. Yapısı doğrulanan bu bileşiğin hMAO enzimi ile etkileşimi, ticari tayin kiti kullanılarak fluorometrik bir yöntemle incelenmiştir. Ayrıca, söz konusu yeni bileşik ile hMAO arasındaki etkileşimler, moleküler modelleme çalışmaları ile aydınlatılmıştır. Bulgular: Sentezlenen bileşiğin yapısı, IR, Mass, 1H-NMR ve elemental analiz yöntemleri kullanılarak doğrulanmıştır. Yapısı doğrulanan bu bileşiğin etkin, seçici, tersinir, toksik olmayan bir hMAO-B inhibitörü olduğu ve inhibisyonun yarışmalı olduğu görülmüştür. Moleküler yerleştirme programı kullanılarak bileşiğin hMAO-B enziminin aktif bölgesinde hangi amino asit yan zincirleri ile ne tür girişimleri yaptığı belirlenmiştir. Sonuç: Yeni sentezlenen SH2U bileşiği, hMAO-B enzimini kuvvetle, seçici, yarışmalı ve tersinir olarak inhibe etmiştir. Sentezlediğimiz bileşik, bilinen seçici ama tersinmez MAO-B inhibitörü olan selejilin’den daha etkin ve seçici, tersinir olarak hMAO-B enzimini inhibe etmiştir ve Parkinson ile Alzheimer hastalığı tedavisinde kullanılabilecek bir ilaç etken maddesi olarak ümit vadetmektedir.Article Citation Count: 0Aluminum accumulation in treatment using submerged membrane electro-bioreactor of young landfill leachate: Statistical analysis(Environmental Research & Technology (Online), 2020) Kurtoğlu Akkaya, Gülizar; Ayvaz Çavdaroğlu, Nur; Bilgili, MehmetHerein, landfill leachate containing high amount of organic matter, which is quite difficult to treat, was first treated using the new submerged membrane electro-bioreactor (SMEBR) system. Aluminum (Al) electrode was used for the treatment of leachate in the SMEBR and Al accumulation was detected. This study aims to examine Al accumulation in the treatment of leachate with high organic content in the SMEBR system. The Al values obtained were plotted on a graph using MS Excel, and Mann–Whitney U test was used to determine whether there is a statistical difference between the observed Al values. Also, correlations between Al accumulations and conductivity and TOC in SMEBR and SMBR were evaluated. Resultantly, it was found that relationship between Al and conductivity is very weak, correlation between Al and TOC% is a weak-moderate, the Al accumulation in the SEMBR has a linear relationship with time and there is a very strong correlation between the two variables (R2= 0.7591). Its correlation with time in the SMBR is moderate (R2= 0.3316). MS Excel 2016 and Minitab 16.0 programs were utilized in the statistical analyses.Article Citation Count: 0Concept of Legal Aid in Civil Litigation in Accordance with the Decisions of the European Court of Human Rights(Istanbul University Press, 2023) Yardim, M.E.Access to a fair trial is a fundamental human right that has been addressed both in international law and in the context of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR). Legal aid (free or affordable legal support/assistance/service) is evaluated as one of the elements of a fair trial. The well-known sixth article of the ECHR refers directly to legal aid. However, the third paragraph of ECHR art. 6 issues only criminal offenses. The European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) implies the right to free legal assistance (legal aid) in civil cases. In our study, we will focus on the term of legal aid, types of legal aid and main legal aid systems, features of legal aid in civil matters, subject of legal aid and litigation costs and the procedure of legal aid application and who will be granted by legal aid in civil litigation. © Istanbul University Press. All Rights Reserved.Article Citation Count: 0Considerations and Confusions about theRegulatory Focus Theory and a Future Agendafor Researchers in Marketing(Boğaziçi Üniversitesi, İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi, 2017) Merdin-Uygur, EzgiThe regulatory focus theory is the mark of a paradigm shift away from a unidimensional hedonism towards a multiplicity of regulatory foci. It possesses great explanatory power; however a lot remains unresolved despite a promising body of empirical work. This paper highlights various considerations concerning the conceptual and comparative qualities of the regulatory focus theory. The discussion moves into the intersection of regulatory focus and consumer behavior literature, briefly summarizing the findings and followed by a number of propositions to be tested for future research.Article Citation Count: 0Effects of Straits on Hydro-Thermal Performance of Small Bays(Turkish Chamber Civil Engineers, 2019) Ger, Ahmet MetinThe heated surface jet discharged into a bay which is connected to a larger body of water through a strait may experience bifurcation in the bay and stratification in the strait. The combined effects of bifurcation and stratification may lead to a substantially greater rise in temperature than the rise expected in case of unrestricted receiving body of water. In this study, the behavior of heated effluents discharged into bays with a restricted access to a large body of water is scrutinized experimentally by the help of a scaled physical model. Dimensional analysis leads to a new dimensionless parameter A(r), area restriction parameter, on which the difference between the excess temperatures at the inlet of the strait for restricted and free receiving mediums, Delta(Delta T/Delta T-0) is shown to be strongly dependent.Other Citation Count: 0Establishment of reference intervals of laboratory tests using hospital patient data(Marmara Üniversitesi Yayınevi, 2002) Toprakçı, Mustafa; Emerk, KayaObjective: In this study, hospital patient data was used to derive reference intervals for selected clinical laboratory tests. Methods: Data were obtained indirectly using our hospital database including both sexes. No selection criteria have been applied. The data has been partitioned into only three age groups as, 3-20, 21-60 and 61 to older in order to prevent age related grouping in the distribution. The distributions have been checked by normality analysis using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Nonparametric percentile estimate method was used to obtain reference intervals in the age groups of 21-60 and 61 to older. In age group 3- 20, the number of data were below 120 in most tests so, GraphROC for Windows, a statistical package which performs a robust modified nonparametric method, was used to find reference intervals. Results: Most of the test data did not show Gaussian distribution form and parametric analysis of these data has failed. Instead, nonparametric analysis has succeeded in establishing the intervals in three age groups. Conclusion: The results resembled the characteristics of our hospital patient population. Especially, protein and lipid parameters showed clear differences in our population, compared to the reference values of the manufacturer, which are currently used. This study has been a clear evidence indicating the importance of determination of reference intervals and the analysis of indirectly selected hospital patient data using nonparametric statistical techniques.Article Citation Count: 0Fundamental Rights and Freedoms of Citizen-Employee in Labour Law(Istanbul University Press, 2022) Güzel, Ali; Çatalkaya, D.U.; Heper, H.Since the 1980s, fundamental rights and freedoms have not only appeared and taken on a particular dimension within employment but also started covering all aspects of citizen employees' private and professional lives. The appearance of citizen employees' fundamental rights and freedoms basically indicate the contemporary evolution of labour law. Due to this development, employer actions that restrict employees' fundamental freedoms have formed the essence of labour disputes. For this reason, not only have new rights with varied functions made their appearance in labour law; at the same time, a specific method has arisen in judicial reasoning around a general principle enshrined in both national and international legislation. This study approaches the subject of the protection of citizen employees' fundamental rights and freedoms in three sections. The first section evaluates the historical overview of these rights and freedoms, their inevitable progress, and their essential function in labour law. The second section examines some examples of fundamental employee rights in light of doctrine and case law. Given that fundamental employee rights and freedoms arose to limit the power of employers, the third and final section is devoted to the reconciliation of power and freedoms within the workplace through the method of legal control based on the principle of proportionality. © 2022 Istanbul University Press. All Rights Reserved.Article Citation Count: 0Incorporation of Standard Risk Exclusion Clauses into Insurance Contract (A Comparative Analysis with the Provisions of PEICL and Turkish Law)(Istanbul University Press, 2022) Açıkel, Aslıhan ErbaşThe construction of the insurance coverage as set out in the standard insurance terms can furnish complexities for the policyholder to grasp the scope of the risks covered. If the insurer does not provide full information about the risks covered and excluded before the conclusion of the insurance contract, the policyholder may find out at a later stage that the event that occurred was not covered by the policy. In such cases, the policyholder may claim that those risk exclusions are not valid under Article 1423 of the Turkish Commercial Code, which bestows upon the insurer a duty to inform before the conclusion of the contract. In order to determine the validity of the incorporation of standard risk exclusion clauses in an insurance contract and their interplay with the provisions of the Turkish Code of Obligations, the validity of boilerplate clauses must be analysed within the frame of the so-called operability test. © 2022 Istanbul University Press. All Rights Reserved.Article Citation Count: 0Legal Aid Under Turkish Administrative Judicial Procedural Law(Istanbul University Press, 2023) Arat, NilayIn this paper, the "legal aid" mechanism, which is an institution that enables parties to participate effectively in the judicial process and "balances" interference with the right of access to court, is discussed. The discussion focusses on the way it facilitates various possibilities of putting forward the claims and pieces of evidence of parties wishing to prove their claims. In this context, the legal aid institution is dealt with primarily within the framework of the right of access to court within the scope of the right to a fair trial. Then, under article 31 of the IYUK, the legal framework of the legal aid institution in the civil procedure is drawn and the application of the legal aid institution in the administrative jurisdiction is examined. This is done only in terms of administrative disputes, excluding cases related to tax disputes due to the difference in the nature of taxation transactions. © 2023 Annales de la Faculté de Droit d’Istanbul. All rights reserved.Article Citation Count: 0Özel Bir Hastanede Gram-negatif Bakteri İzolatlarında Antibiyotik Direncinin Değerlendirilmesi(Logos Yayıncılık, 2019) Demirel, AslıhanAmaç: Hastane kaynaklı enfeksiyonlara sebep olan dirençli gram-negatif bakteri enfeksiyonları giderek artan bir sorun haline gelmektedir. Bu bakterilerde gelişen karbapenem direnci nedeniyle tedavi seçenekleri kısıtlanmakta, hastanede kalış süresi uzamakta ve mortalite artmaktadır. Bu durum tigesiklin ve kolistin gibi seçeneklerin tedaviye eklenmesine gerektirmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, özel bir hastanede çeşitli klinik örneklerden izole edilen, Gram-negatif bakterilerin sıklığı ve duyarlılıklarının saptanması ile hastalarda uygun antibiyotik seçiminde yol gösterici verileri ortaya koymaktır. Yöntemler: Bu çalışmada, Özel Kadıköy Florence Nightingale Hastanesi’nde Şubat 2018 ile Şubat 2019 tarihleri arasında çeşitli klinik örneklerden izole edilen 1109 gram-negatif bakteri incelendi. Örneklerde üreyen bakteriler konvansiyonel yöntemler, Vitec 2 (Biomeriux, Fransa) otomatize sistem ile üretici firmanın önerileri doğrultusunda tanımlanmıştır. Duyarlılık testleri Vitec 2 (Biomeriux, Fransa) otomatize sistem ile yapıldı, EUCAST kritelerine göre yorumlandı. Veriler retrospektif olarak alınarak değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: Çalışmaya dahil edilen örneklerin en sık kan ve idrar örnekleri olmuştur. Tanımlanan bakteri türlerin türü ve duyarklılığına bakınca Escherichia coli (%50,9) için en etkili antibiyotikler meropenem (%99,6), imipenem (%99,2), fosfomisin (%98,5), amikasin (%96,7), kolistin (%98,3), tigesiklin (%96,7) idi. Klebsiella spp. için en etkili antibiyotikler amikasin (%95,2) ve meropenem (%92,6), imipenem (%92), kolistin (%95,8), tigesiklin (%96,7) idi. Proteus spp. için en etkili antibiyotikler, meropenem (%95,7), piperasilin/tazobaktam (%95,7) ve fosfamisin (%91,2) saptanmıştır. Tigesiklin duyarlılığı ise %15,4 olarak saptanmıştır. Enterobacter spp. için en etkili antibiyotikler imipenem (%100), amikasin (%100) ve siprofloksasin (%93,1) iken. Pseudomonas aeruginosa için en etkili antibiyotikler amikasin (%80,3), siprofloksasin (%77,4), kolistin (%94,7) saptanmıştır. Sonuç: Her merkez kendi klinik örneklerinden izole edilen gram-negatif bakteri dağılımını, direnç paternini ve yıllara göre değişimini bilmelidir. Hastane enfeksiyonları ve antibiyotik direncini önlemek için her hastanenin uyguladığı, enfeksiyon kontrol komitesinin sorumluluğunda bir antibiyotik yönetim planı olmalıdır.Article Citation Count: 3Programlı hücre ölümünün kalp yetmezliğindeki yeri(2005) Süsleyici Duman, Belgin; Türkoğlu, Çavlan; Öztürk, MelekGünümüzde insidansı giderek artan kalp yetersizliğinde programlı hücre ölümü olarak bilinen apoptozun moleküler ve biyokimyasal mekanizması henüz tam olarak aydınlatılamamıştır. Apoptoz aktif hücre içi haberleşme, hücreler arası yüzey teması kaybı, hücre büzüşmesi, DNA fragmantasyonu ve fagositoz ile karakterizedir. Apoptozun kalp yetersizliğinin fizyolojik ve patofizyolojik süreçlerinde önemli görevler üstlendiği mevcut bilgiler ile desteklenmektedir. Kalp yetersizliğinde kardiyomiyosit apoptozunu tetikleyen pek çok faktör bulunmaktadır. Ancak apoptotik süreçteki patofizyolojik uyaranlar ve etki mekanizmaları hakkında yanıt bekleyen sorular vardır. Bu nedenle apoptozu önlemeye yönelik terapide doğru hedefleme için, apoptoz inhibisyonunun kalp yetersizliğini geciktirdiği ya da önlediği kesin olarak bilinmediğinden ileri düzeyde moleküler ve farmokogenomik çalışmalara ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır.